Question 1. The following table gives the 2013 GDP Per Capita (international dol
ID: 3295866 • Letter: Q
Question
Question 1. The following table gives the 2013 GDP Per Capita (international dollars) of the top 24 countries/regions in the world (source: wikipedia, IMF). Using the equal interval, quantile and natural breaks methods to classify these member states into 7 categories. You need to show the steps of the calculations, and fill the category in the blank table cell for each country. You should the calculation “manually”, i.e., you can use calculator and other tools but NOT in ArcMap. Note: this question is based on the lecture not the lab.
Lecture notes which may be helpful
4.0 Data classification
Classification methods organize, simplify, and generalize large amounts of information into effective or meaningful categories, bringing relative order and simplicity to complexity.
Classification methods
-Equal intervals
-Quantiles
-Mean-standard deviation
-Natural breaks
GDP Per Capita Categoy Equal Interval) Category (Quantile) Country (Natural Breaks) France 39,813 51,779 43,407 41,001 63,181 40,045 43,475 45,138 62,766 70,785 52,984 145,894 40,760 53,001 44,402 64,363 53,977 43,080 49,633 43,304 44,663 43,253 46,440 78,762 Saudi Arabia 5weden Iceland -United Arab Emirates Finland Germany Australia San Marino Kuwait Hong Kong Qatar Belgium United States Austria Norway Switzerland Denmark Bahrain Oman Ireland Canada Netherlands SingaporeExplanation / Answer
The GDP per capita in sort order is
France 39813, Finland 40045, Belgium 40760, Iceland 41001, Denmark 43080, Canada 43253, Oman 43304, Sweden 43407, Germany 43475, Austria 44402, Ireland 44663, Australia 45138, Netherlands 46440, Bahrain 49633, Saudi Arabia 51779, Hongkong 52984, USA 53001, Switzerland 53977, San Marino 62766, UAE 63181, Norway 64363, Kuwait 70785, Singapore 78762, Qatar 145894
Equal Method -
class interval = (Max value - Min Value) / Number of classes = (145894 - 39813) / 7 = 15154.43
Category 1 have GDP from 39813 to 54967.43 (= 39813 + 15154.43 )
France 39813, Finland 40045, Belgium 40760, Iceland 41001, Denmark 43080, Canada 43253, Oman 43304, Sweden 43407, Germany 43475, Austria 44402, Ireland 44663, Australia 45138, Netherlands 46440, Bahrain 49633, Saudi Arabia 51779, Hongkong 52984, USA 53001, Switzerland 53977
Category 2 have GDP from 54967.43 to 70121.86 (= 54967.43 + 15154.43 )
San Marino 62766, UAE 63181, Norway 64363
Category 3 have GDP from 70121.86 to 85276.29 (= 70121.86 + 15154.43 )
Kuwait 70785, Singapore 78762
Category 4 have GDP from 85276.29 to 100430.7 (= 85276.29 + 15154.43)
No elements
Category 5 have GDP from 100430.7 to 115585.1 (= 100430.7 + 15154.43)
No elements
Category 6 have GDP from 115585.1 to 130739.5 (= 115585.1 + 15154.43)
No elements
Category 7 have GDP from 130739.5 to 145894 (= 130739.5 + 15154.43)
Qatar 145894
Quantile Method
The number of observations in each class = Total Observations/ Number of classes = 24 / 7 = 3.42
So, 3 classes should have 4 observations and 4 classes should have 3 observations. Let the first 3 class have 4 observations.
Category 1 - France 39813, Finland 40045, Belgium 40760, Iceland 41001,
Category 2 -Denmark 43080, Canada 43253, Oman 43304, Sweden 43407,
Category 3 -Germany 43475, Austria 44402, Ireland 44663, Australia 45138,
Category 4 -Netherlands 46440, Bahrain 49633, Saudi Arabia 51779,
Category 5 -Hongkong 52984, USA 53001, Switzerland 53977,
Category 6 -San Marino 62766, UAE 63181, Norway 64363,
Category 7 -Kuwait 70785, Singapore 78762, Qatar 145894
Natural Breaks -
In natural breaks we need to minimise value differences between data within the same class.
First, we will calculate the difference between each of the near GDP, we get the difference as,
232, 715 , 241, 2079, 173, 51, 103, 68, 927, 261, 475 , 1302, 3193, 2146, 1205 , 17, 976, 8789, 415, 1182, 6422, 7977, 67132
All numbers in bold shows a high difference and are candiates of natural breaks.
Category 1 - France 39813, Finland 40045, Belgium 40760, Iceland 41001,
Category 2 -Denmark 43080, Canada 43253, Oman 43304, Sweden 43407, Germany 43475, Austria 44402, Ireland 44663, Australia 45138, Netherlands 46440,
Category 3 -Bahrain 49633, Saudi Arabia 51779, Hongkong 52984, USA 53001, Switzerland 53977,
Category 4 -San Marino 62766, UAE 63181, Norway 64363,
Category 5 -Kuwait 70785,
Category 6 -Singapore 78762,
Category 7 -Qatar 145894
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