Which of the following is not an example of systematic error in an observational

Question

Which of the following is not an example of systematic error in an observational study? a. A cross-sectional study recruits participants that are willing to sign up outside of a major university and meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria to take part in the survey relating unsafe sex habits to STIs. b. A researcher is interested in the relationship between coffee drinking and lung cancer, and after careful multivariate linear regression modeling determines that a significant percentage of the relationship is due to another variable, cigarette smoking. c. An observational study recruits participants for a study looking at Alzheimer’s disease due to exposure to industrial hazards by asking participants to recall their exposure over the past 10 years. d. A data-entry specialist responsible for adding in fasting glucose levels to a database accidentally skipped an observation during the input phase of data cleaning.

Explanation / Answer

Option D is not an example of systematic error in an observational study. A data-entry specialist responsible for adding in fasting glucose levels to a database accidentally skipped an observation during the input phase of data cleaning.

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