Suppose one is interested in the effect of beer-drinking on body weight. Suppose

Question

Suppose one is interested in the effect of beer-drinking on body weight. Suppose in reality the following (hypothetical) causal association structure holds: Beer-drinking-has an effect on body-weight People-with-higher-body- weight tend to-have higher-blood-pressure. Beer-drinking is-more-common in men than-in-women. Men-have-higher-bodyweight-than-women. Beer-drinking increases blood pressure. Sketch a causal graph-corresponding to this scenario. If all variables are observed, which variables should-one condition on in order to get an unbiased estimate of the causal effect?

Explanation / Answer

The variables,

There is a widespread belief that alcoholic beverages, and beer in particular, lead to weight gain, especially around the abdomen.

No, women have a higher concentration of body fat than men.

Raises blood pressure, blood lipids and the risk of stroke and heart disease in heavy drinkers. Heart disease is generally lower in light to moderate drinkers.

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