4.1.1 Observe and explain You have two electroscopes, initially uncharged. situa

Question

4.1.1 Observe and explain You have two electroscopes, initially uncharged. situated near each Explain the outcomes of each experiment described in the table that follows. Rub a foam tube with wool and then rub the top of top of the first electroscope and the charged tube one electroscope the top of the second uncharged again. The leaves with the rubbed part electroscope. The leaves of the of both electro- of the tube. Observe second electroscope instantly that the needle of separate, and the leaves of the the electroscope first electroscope come closer to deflects Experiment Then while wearing latex gloves Now rub the first connect a metal wire between the electroscope with scopes deflect more. each other but do not go down completely Explain using the language of V field electric potential).

Explanation / Answer

when foam is rubbed on the wool, it acquires harges from it. This increases its potential from zero to some finite value. Now, when it is touched to the electroscope(initially uncharged thus potential is zero), because of the potential difference, charges flow from foam to electroscope. The charge flows untill the foam and electroscope come to a same potential and make the potential difference zero. Due to flow of charge from foam to electroscope, the needle of electroscope shows deflection.

When an uncharged and charged electroscope are connected, they also tend to make the potential difference zero between them. This is done by charges moving from charged electroscope to uncharged electroscope. Thus, the electroscope which was initially uncharged acquires some charge and its potential increases, causing the separation between the leaves. While, the electroscope which was initially charged, loses some of the charge and its potential decreases, causing the leaves to come closer.

When, charged tube is rubbed to connected electroscope, the charges flow from tube to both electroscope. Tube is at higher potential than the electroscopes, thus charges flow from tube to electroscopes. Since, two electroscope are connected, the transferred charge gets equally divided among the two. Hence, potential of both electroscope increases by same amount and deflection also increases by equal amount.

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