Spectroscopy is an effective tool for characterizing molecules and, to date, man

Question

Spectroscopy is an effective tool for characterizing molecules and, to date, many techniques are well established, especially UV, Mass Spec., NMR and Infrared (FTIR). These techniques are similar in that they are based on quantum mechanical properties/interactions of atoms and molecules with electromagnetic radiation. For UV, Mass Spec., NMR and FTIR please answer the following:

What elements of quantum mechanics enable spectroscopy?

Briefly describe the key underlying science for UV, IR, Mass Spec and NMR spectroscopy.

How do you interpret spectroscopic data and assess its accuracy and precision?

As a biomedical engineer with expertise in biomaterials why would you need these techniques (UV, IR, NMR, Mass Spec spectroscopy)?

If you lived in an alternative universe where all size scales of matter followed Newtonian physics, which spectroscopic technique, if any, could you still employ. You do know about the structure of atoms and molecules so atomic numbers, atomic weights, neutrons, protons and electrons are known.

Explanation / Answer

X rays, ultraviolet rays, atoms, atomic particles and their constituents like protons etc. enables spectroscopy.

Infrared spectroscopy, as the name indicates, uses infrared radiation to analyze a sample.

NMR spectroscopy takes advantage of the spin states of protons (and, to some extent, other nuclei) to identify a compound. Electrons can have one of two spin quantum states, which we designated as +1/2 and -1/2.

mass spectrometry is nevertheless another instrumental method that chemists use to analyze compounds. Fundamentally, mass spectrometry involves ionization of a sample through bombarding it with high-energy electrons.

Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges.

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