Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the

Question

Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the United States, there is a strong relationship between education and smoking: well-educated people are less likely to smoke. Does a similar relationship hold in France? Here is a two-way table of the level of education and smoking status (nonsmoker, former smoker, moderate smoker, heavy smoker) of a sample of 451 French men aged 20 to 60 years. The subjects are a random sample of men who visited a health center for a routine checkup. We are willing to consider them an SRS of men from their region of France Smoking Status Education Primary school Secondary school University Nonsmoker Former Moderate Heavy Total 54 35 53 56 41 29 40 28 34 36 186 31 135 14 130 (a) Fill in the blanks in the table below with the conditional probabilities of smoking status given the level of education. Use 2 decimal places. Smoking Status Former Education Nonsmoker Moderate Heavy Total Primary 29.03 30.12 21.51 19.35 100% Secondary 25.93 30.37 20.74 22.96 % |100% 40.77 22.31 26.15 10.77 University 100% (b) Fill in the blanks below with the conditional probabilities that would make level of education and smoking status independent. Smoking Status Education Primary school Secondary Nonsmoker Moderate HeavyTotal 29.03% 30.11% 21.51% 19.35% 100% 100% University 100%

Explanation / Answer

for independence all other probability distirbution is in similar line as above so that it does not make any differnce

non smoker former moderate heavy total primary 29.03% 30.11% 21.51% 19.35% 100% secondary 29.03% 30.11% 21.51% 19.35% 100% university 29.03% 30.11% 21.51% 19.35% 100%

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