After designing a cohort study looking at caffeine exposure and the risk of pre

Question

After designing a cohort study looking at caffeine exposure and the risk of pre - mature births in women a ged 20 - 40, you calculate a crude RR of 2.5 noting that women with high caffeine exposure were 2.5 times more likely to experience pre - mature births than women who did not have high caffeine exposure. After stratifying the results among smokers and nonsmokers, you notice d that the smokers had a RR of 5.4 and the nonsmokers had a RR of 4.0 . In this case, smoking is a:

a.Confounder

b.Effect Modifier

c.Neither a confounder or effect modifier

d.Both a confounder and an effect modifier

Explanation / Answer

We have given a cohort study which is looking at caffeine exposure and the risk of pre - mature births in women aged 20 - 40,

Given a crude RR of 2.5 this is noting that women with high caffeine exposure were 2.5 times more likely to experience pre - mature births than women who did not have high caffeine exposure.

The results among smokers and nonsmokers, the smokers had a RR of 5.4 and the nonsmokers had a RR of 4.0.

In this case, smoking is a: both a confounder and an effect modifier.

Because the smokers had a RR of 5.4 means 5.4 times more than nonsmokers but the nonsmokers had also 4.0 means 4.0 time more than smokers. By seeing this both RRs we can say that the option d is correct means both a confounder and effect modifier.

Effect Modifier in the sense, the RR of Smokers is higher than Nonsmokers.

And Confounding means both Smokers and Nonsmokers RR are almost 80% are same means confounding between both groups.

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