The data file stenosis_smokers.sav describes a study of 215 smokers and non-smok

Question

The data file stenosis_smokers.sav describes a study of 215 smokers and non-smokers. The participants are evaluated for stenosis (narrowing of coronary arteries). Use SPSS to perform the following analyses (paste in the relevant tables:

State your null and alternative hypotheses for a chi square analysis for variables smoking and stenosis (gender and stenosis is not required)

Organize the data into a contingency table (exposure/smoking in the rows, outcome/stenosis in the columns). Calculate the expected values Calculate the percentages by rows

Paste a table with your results below

Report the chi square value

Report the p value for this chi square

Do you reject your null hypothesis?

Calculate the odds ratio and relative risk for smoking and stenosis.

Paste a table with your results below

Report the relative risk for smoking and stenosis

Report the 95% CI for relative risk

State your null hypothesis for relative risk. (hint what would the expected value for the Relative Risk or Odds Ratio equal if there is no association between

Do you reject your null hypothesis?

Report the odds ratio for smoking and stenosis

State your null hypothesis for odds ratio

Do you reject your null hypothesis?

file stenosis_smokers:

smoke disease gender 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Explanation / Answer

Ho: There is no effect of smoking on disease. (Smoking and disease are independent)

Ha: Smoking has effect on disease.

The contingency table below provides the following information: the observed cell totals, (the expected cell totals) and [the chi-square statistic for each cell].

The chi-square statistic, p-value and statement of significance appear beneath the table.

The chi-square statistic is 9.4801. The p-value is .002077. The result is significant at p < .05.

Since p - value is less than 0.05, we reject Ho

So we have enough evidence to support that smoking has significant effect on the diesease.

Disease Smoking 1 2 Grand Total 1 54 40 94 2 44 77 121 Grand Total 98 117 215

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