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Name: Section Number: To be graded, all assignments must be completed and submitted on the original book poge. EXHIBIT 1 Pumpkin Powered Prostates Pumpkins and Prostate Health Title: Pumpkin Seed Oil May Be a Halloween Treat Author: Elena Conis Source: Los Angeles Times, October 25, 2010, http://articles. latimes.com/2010/oct/25/health/la-he-nutrition-lab- pumpkin-20101025 In the News... According to the article in the Los Angeles Times by Elena Conis, for centuries pumpkin seeds have been a home remedy used to control or increase the frequency of urination in adults, children, and livestock. Knowing this about pumpkin seeds has prompted researchers to explore the possibility of a link between eating the seeds and better prostate health. German researchers have been very involved in exploring this possible connection. The article summarized one study, the results of which were published in a German journal in 2000. According to the Los Angeles Times, the study: randomly selected among about 500 men to take either 1,000 milligrams of pumpkin seed oil extract or a placebo every day for 12 months. Symptoms improved in 65% of the men who took the oil, which the researchers interpreted as a promising (and statistically significant) result, even though symptoms also improved in 54% of the men who took the placebo. Questions 1. What is being tested and how did it turn out? 2. Can we be certain that pumpkin seed oil is effective? Why or why not? BEYOND THE NUMBERS 3.14

Explanation / Answer

1. The improvements in the prostate health of men is being tested. It turned out decent going by the test results because the health improved for 65% of the men tested using pumpkin oil seeds.

2. No. We cannot be certain that the pumpkin seed oil is effective because firstly, the difference between the two results is not huge (65% against 54%, which can be due to estimation errors etc) and secondly, the results for pumpkin seed oil are not even good at 10% level of significance. So, we cannot say surely about its effectiveness.

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