1. What is the difference between a test of independent means and a test of depe
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Question
1. What is the difference between a test of independent means and a test of dependent means, and when is each appropriate?
2. In the following examples, indicate whether you would perform a t-test of independent means or dependent means.
Two groups were exposed to different levels of treatment for ankle sprains. Which treatment was most effective?
A researcher in nursing wanted to know if the recovery of patients was quicker when some received additional in-home care whereas others received the standard amount.
A group of adolescent boys was offered interpersonal skills counseling and then tested in September and May to see if there was any impact on family harmony.
One group of adult men was given instructions in reducing their high blood pressure whereas another was not given any instructions.
One group of men was provided access to an exercise program and tested two times over a 6-month period for heart health.
3. For Chapter 12 Data Set 2 (in the appendix), compute the t value manually or with SPSS and write a conclusion as to whether there was a change in tons of paper used as a function of the recycling program in 25 different districts. (Hint: Before and after become the two levels of treatment.) Test the hypothesis at the .01 level.
4. For Chapter 12 Data Set 3 (in the appendix), compute the t value using SPSS and write a conclusion as to whether there is a difference in satisfaction level, measured on a scale of 1 to 15, in a group of families’ use of service centers following a social service intervention. Do this exercise using SPSS and report the exact probability of the outcome.
5. Do this exercise the good old-fashioned way—by hand or with SPSS. A famous brand-name manufacturer wants to know whether people prefer Nibbles or Wribbles. Consumers get a chance to sample each type of cracker and indicate their like or dislike on a scale from 1 to 10. Which do they like the most?
Nibbles Rating Wribbles Rating
9 4
3 7
1 6
6 8
5 7
7 7
8 8
3 6
10 7
3 8
5 9
2 8
9 7
6 3
2 6
5 7
8 6
1 5
6 5
3 6
Explanation / Answer
Ans:
1)
Paired/Dependent T- test
The paired-samples t test (also called dependent-samples t test) is used to compare two means for situations in which every participant is in both samples (or situation of two set of units that are matched in pairs, for example, husbands and wives). Once you understand the single-sample t test, the paired-samples t test is simple. The major difference in the paired-samples t test is that we must create difference scores for every individual.
The steps are very similar to those for the ones we have seen before. The main difference is that we are comparing the sample mean difference between scores to that for the mean difference for the population according to the null hypothesis, rather than comparing the sample mean of individual scores to the population mean.
Independent T- test
An independent-samples t test is used to compare two means for situation in which each participant is assigned to only one condition.
This test uses a distribution of differences between means.
2)
a)Two groups were exposed to different levels of treatment for ankle sprains. Which treatment was most effective:
t -test for Independent means(as two different group samples are there)
b)A researcher in nursing wanted to know if the recovery of patients was quicker when some received additional in-home care whereas others received the standard amount.
t -test for indpendent means(as two different groups are used)
c)A group of adolescent boys was offered interpersonal skills counseling and then tested in September and May to see if there was any impact on family harmony.
paired or dependent means(as one group is measure at different times)
d)One group of adult men was given instructions in reducing their high blood pressure whereas another was not given any instructions.
t-test for independent means(as two groups are used)
e)One group of men was provided access to an exercise program and tested two times over a 6-month period for heart health.
paired or dependent means(as only one group is measure at different times)
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