(23 points) There is a bit of a debate over how conservative or liberal the Unit
ID: 3339538 • Letter: #
Question
(23 points) There is a bit of a debate over how conservative or liberal the United States Supreme Court has been in recent years.1 While there are lots of possible reasons for this controversy, one explanation could be that the contemporary Supreme Court is liberal in some areas and conservative in others. Let’s hypothesize that this is true (i.e., that a case’s issue area affects the ideological direction of its decision). Below are some data showing the number of liberal and conservative rulings by the Supreme Court decided between August 7, 2010 and February 13, 2016.
(a) (4 points) Which is most appropriate to test our hypothesis: tabular analysis, difference of means, or correlation? Why?
(b) (15 points) According the test you identified in part (a), do the data support the hypothesis? Use a significance level of p < .05. Show your work.
(c) (4 points) Would your answer to the question in part (b) change if you were to use a p < .01 significance level instead? Explain your answer
Economic Row total Direction of Decision Conservative Liberal Column total Civil 37 70 Due Process Criminal Procedure Rights 59 48 107 Activity 47 41 145 134 279 12 14Explanation / Answer
a) To test whether the case’s issue area affects the ideological direction of its decision. The tabular analysis that is chi-square test is appropriate.
b) ## By using Chi-square test in Minitab
Chi-Square Test: Conservative, Liberal
Expected counts are printed below observed counts
Chi-Square contributions are printed below expected counts
Conservative Liberal Total
1 59 48 107
55.61 51.39
0.207 0.224
2 37 33 70
36.38 33.62
0.011 0.011
3 2 12 14
7.28 6.72
3.826 4.140
4 47 41 88
45.73 42.27
0.035 0.038
Total 145 134 279
Chi-Sq = 8.491, DF = 3, P-Value = 0.037
H0: There is no association Between the case’s issue area the ideological direction of its decision.
Vs
H: There is no association Between the case’s issue area the ideological direction of its decision.
Here P-Value = 0.037 indicates that the rejection of null hypothesis at 5% level of significance.
That is the case’s issue area affects the ideological direction of its decision.
c) If the significance level changes from 0.05 to 0.01
then P-Value = 0.037 indicates the acceptance of null hypothesis.
That is the case’s issue area does not affects the ideological direction of its decision.
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