Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a
ID: 3340237 • Letter: I
Question
Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a second (0.5 seconds). To demonstrate this type of memory, participants were shown three rows of four letters for 50 milliseconds. They were then asked to recall as many letters as possible, with a 0-, 0.5-, or 1.0-second delay before responding. Researchers hypothesized that longer delays would result in poorer recall. The number of letters correctly recalled is given in the table.
(a) Complete the F-table. (Round your values for MS and F to two decimal places.)
SS
(b) Compute Tukey's HSD post hoc test and interpret the results. (Assume alpha equal to 0.05. Round your answer to two decimal places.)
The critical value is ___ for each pairwise comparison.
Delay Before Recall 0 0.5 1 8 5 2 12 3 2 6 10 5 10 8 4 11 6 7 7 4 4Explanation / Answer
Result:
Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a second (0.5 seconds). To demonstrate this type of memory, participants were shown three rows of four letters for 50 milliseconds. They were then asked to recall as many letters as possible, with a 0-, 0.5-, or 1.0-second delay before responding. Researchers hypothesized that longer delays would result in poorer recall. The number of letters correctly recalled is given in the table.
One factor ANOVA
Mean
n
Std. Dev
9.0
6
2.37
0s
6.0
6
2.61
0.5s
4.0
6
1.90
1s
6.3
18
3.03
Total
ANOVA table
Source
SS
df
MS
F
p-value
Treatment
76.00
2
38.000
7.13
.0067
Error
80.00
15
5.333
Total
156.00
17
Tukey simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 15)
1s
0.5s
0s
4.0
6.0
9.0
1s
4.0
0.5s
6.0
1.50
0s
9.0
3.75
2.25
critical values for experimentwise error rate:
0.05
2.60
To test time effect, Calculated F=7.13, P=0.0067 which is< 0.05 level. Ho is rejected. Time effect is significant. we conclude that that longer delays would result in poorer recall.
The critical value is 2.60 for each pairwise comparison.
One factor ANOVA
Mean
n
Std. Dev
9.0
6
2.37
0s
6.0
6
2.61
0.5s
4.0
6
1.90
1s
6.3
18
3.03
Total
ANOVA table
Source
SS
df
MS
F
p-value
Treatment
76.00
2
38.000
7.13
.0067
Error
80.00
15
5.333
Total
156.00
17
Tukey simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 15)
1s
0.5s
0s
4.0
6.0
9.0
1s
4.0
0.5s
6.0
1.50
0s
9.0
3.75
2.25
critical values for experimentwise error rate:
0.05
2.60
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