SPSS IS REQUIRED TO SOLVE THESE QUESTIONS. PLEASE ANSWER QUESTION 1 TO 5, THERE
ID: 3350341 • Letter: S
Question
SPSS IS REQUIRED TO SOLVE THESE QUESTIONS. PLEASE ANSWER QUESTION 1 TO 5, THERE RESPECTIVE SPSS FILE IS ATTACHED BELOW.
Postpartum Depression
In this assignment we will look at women with birth depression and how estrogen treatment can affect depression. The data is contained in the data depression footprint.
Prior to treatment, all women were assessed after the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). High EPDS scores indicate severe depression. Patients were randomly assigned to either receive placebo (group = 0, n = 18) or estrogen (group = 1, n = 22) as treatment. The EPDS score was again measured after 3 months of treatment.
In this task you should choose whether to perform a regular two-sample T-test / paired t-test, or if you should also perform a non-parametric test (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test / Wilcoxon pairing test) when we To check if treatment has an effect. To determine this, check the assumptions that are the basis for performing a t-test. For a two-sample t-test, make sure that the two samples are normally distributed and for a paired t-test, be sure to check that the difference between the paired data is normally distributed. Do not use log-transformation in this task, even if it is possible.
1- Give a descriptive description of the variables EPDS prior to treatment initiated for each of the treatment groups (placebo and estrogen). Write a brief summary of what you find. Is there a significant difference between the two treatment groups in EPDS score before receiving treatment?
2- Is there a significant difference between the two treatment groups in 3 months of treatment?
3- Just look at those who have received estrogen as treatment. Have they had a significant change in EPDS score from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment?
4- Now look at those who have received a placebo. Have they had a significant change in EPDS score from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment?
5- Check the change from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment for the placebo and estrogen groups. Perform a test and check whether estrogen has had an effect on the EPDS score.
SPPS FILE
BEFORE TREATMENT
18
22
17
15
20
27
28
25
16
26
19
22
16
21
20
22
21
25
21
27
15
24
15
17
20
18
28
21
18
27
19
20
21
23
24
25
28
23
22
23
AFTER TREATMENT
21
24
23
14
17
20
20
28
20
28
14
26
18
22
13
23
18
26
10
13
15
15
17
21
8
14
9
26
9
12
9
9
11
27
10
11
10
13
8
11
GROUP
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Explanation / Answer
Result:
The difference between before and after is calculated as variable change. The normality test for before score for two groups shows that data follows normal distribution. The normality test for after score for two groups shows that data follows normal distribution. The normality test for difference of score for two groups shows that data does not follows normal distribution.
Tests of Normality
group
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
before
placebo
0.133
18
0.200*
0.958
18
0.570
estrogen
0.093
22
0.200*
0.963
22
0.563
after
placebo
0.097
18
0.200*
0.958
18
0.563
estrogen
0.197
22
0.027
0.801
22
0.001
change
placebo
0.230
18
0.013
0.912
18
0.094
estrogen
0.245
22
0.001
0.879
22
0.012
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Give a descriptive description of the variables EPDS prior to treatment initiated for each of the treatment groups (placebo and estrogen). Write a brief summary of what you find. Is there a significant difference between the two treatment groups in EPDS score before receiving treatment?
Group Statistics
group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
before
placebo
18
21.11
3.924
0.925
estrogen
22
21.77
3.878
0.827
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
before
Equal variances assumed
0.000
0.985
-0.534
38
0.596
-0.662
1.239
-3.170
1.847
Equal variances not assumed
-0.533
36.275
0.597
-0.662
1.241
-3.177
1.854
There is no significant difference between the two treatment groups in EPDS score before receiving treatment, t=-0.534, P=0.596.
Is there a significant difference between the two treatment groups in 3 months of treatment?
Group Statistics
group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
after
placebo
18
20.83
4.630
1.091
estrogen
22
13.09
5.380
1.147
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
after
Equal variances assumed
0.048
0.828
4.816
38
0.000
7.742
1.608
4.488
10.997
Equal variances not assumed
4.890
37.882
0.000
7.742
1.583
4.537
10.948
There is a significant difference between the two treatment groups in EPDS score after receiving treatment, t=4.816, P=0.000.
Just look at those who have received estrogen as treatment. Have they had a significant change in EPDS score from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment?
Paired Samples Statisticsa
Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
before
21.77
22
3.878
0.827
after
13.09
22
5.380
1.147
a. group = estrogen
Paired Samples Testa
Paired Differences
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
before - after
8.682
7.253
1.546
5.466
11.898
5.614
21
0.000
a. group = estrogen
There is a significant change in EPDS score from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment, t=5.614, P=0.000.
Now look at those who have received a placebo. Have they had a significant change in EPDS score from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment?
Paired Samples Statisticsa
Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
before
21.11
18
3.924
0.925
after
20.83
18
4.630
1.091
a. group = placebo
Paired Samples Testa
Paired Differences
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
before - after
0.278
4.240
0.999
-1.831
2.386
0.278
17
0.784
a. group = placebo
There is no significant change in EPDS score from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment, t=0.278, P=0.784.
Check the change from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment for the placebo and estrogen groups. Perform a test and check whether estrogen has had an effect on the EPDS score.
Group Statistics
group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
change
placebo
18
0.2778
4.23994
0.99936
estrogen
22
8.6818
7.25315
1.54638
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
change
Equal variances assumed
3.879
0.056
-4.340
38
0.000
-8.40404
1.93624
-12.32375
-4.48433
Equal variances not assumed
-4.564
34.723
0.000
-8.40404
1.84120
-12.14294
-4.66514
The change from before treatment to after 3 months of treatment for the placebo and estrogen groups is significant, t=-4.340, P=0.000.
Tests of Normality
group
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
before
placebo
0.133
18
0.200*
0.958
18
0.570
estrogen
0.093
22
0.200*
0.963
22
0.563
after
placebo
0.097
18
0.200*
0.958
18
0.563
estrogen
0.197
22
0.027
0.801
22
0.001
change
placebo
0.230
18
0.013
0.912
18
0.094
estrogen
0.245
22
0.001
0.879
22
0.012
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.