5.What are pack years of smoking?Is there a significant difference between the m

Question

5.What are pack years of smoking?Is there a significant difference between the moderate and severe limitation groups regarding pack years of smoking?Provide a rational for your answer.
6.What were the four most common psychological symptoms reported by this sample of patients with COPD? What percentage of these subjects experienced these symptoms? Was there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation groups for psychological symptoms?
7.What frequency and percentage of the total sample used short acting b2 agonists? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.
8.Is there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation groups regarding th use of short acting b2 agonists?Provide a rational for your answer.
9.Was the percentage of COPD patients with moderate and severe airflow limitation using short acting b2 agonists what you expected?Provide a rational with documentation for your answer.
10. Are these findings ready for use in practice?Provide a rational for your answer. BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS AND USE OF MEDICATION FOR PATIENTS WITH STABLE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE CLASSIFIED IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE AND SEVERE AIRFLOW LIMITATION TABLE 1 Severe 49 Moderate Value 0.607 Sex, " (96) 19 (45) 23 (55) 66.5 (8.6) 29 (69) 7 (17) 29 (59) 20 (41) 67.9 (6.8) 34 (71) 7 (14) 0.396 0.854 0.754 0.789 Men Age (yrs), mean (SD) Married/cohabitant n (%) Employed, " (96) Smoking, " % 12 (24) 35 (71) 2 (4) 34.0 (19.5) 26.5 (6.1) 42.2 (5.8) 94.5 (3.0) 3.0 (0.8) 13 (31) 28 (67) Smoking Former smokers Never smokers Pack years smoking, mean (SD) BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) FEV1 % of predicted, mean (SD) Spo, % mean (SD) Physical health, mean (SD) Mental health, mean (SD) Exacerbation previous 6 months, n (%) Admitted to hospital previous year, n (%) 29.1 (13.5) 27.2 (5.2) 61.6 (8.4) 95.8 (2.4) 3.2 (0.8) 3.7 (0.9) 14 (33) 10 (24) 0.555

Explanation / Answer

4)

Former smokers= 63 and currently smoking=25,

Total participants with a smoking history is 88/91 making the percentage 97%

-Smoking history is clinically important in determining how long the participants havebeen smoking and affecting their lungs by the use of tobacco. Evidence suggests that COPD progression can be slowed when patients stop smoking and the risk of a COPD diagnosis falls 50% with smoking cessation.

5)

Moderate packs are 29.1 severe packs smokers 34.0. According to the research the people with severe airflow limitation opposed to moderate airflow have close range in percentage due to quantity of packs smoked per day. The percentage between the 2 is only 4.6%. There’s no difference between the two, because both types of smokers have caused damage to their lung tissues

6)

The most commonly reported psychological symptoms was difculty sleeping (52%),

Followed by worrying (33%), Feeling irritable (28%), and Feeling sad (22%).

There were no signi±cant di²erences in the occurrence oF physical and psychological symptoms between pa³ents with moderate and severe air´ow limita³ons

7)

The frequency of the total sample that used short acting B2-agonists were 13+32=45

The percentage of the total sample that used short acting B2-agonists were: (45/91) X 100=49.45%=49%

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