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In many animal societies, a role assumed by the adult male is a sentry, warning

ID: 3361574 • Letter: I

Question

In many animal societies, a role assumed by the adult male is a sentry, warning adult females and juveniles of approaching predators. Some students of animal behavior believe that this occurs in human society also. In one 4-month study in Seattle an investigator observed people crossing the street at an intersection with no traffic control. The observed behavior was the scanning behavior ("looking both ways") of adult males and females.   The investigator reasoned that if the adult male assumed a protective sentry role, the scanning rate when alone would be less than when accompanied by an adult female. Data from this study is given below. Conduct hypothesis test using a=.05. USE MINI tab!

Male Scanning ("Looking both ways") Behavior

Situation             Scanned        Did Not              Totals

                                                     Scan

Alone

56

28

84

With adult female

61

15

76

Male Scanning ("Looking both ways") Behavior

Situation             Scanned        Did Not              Totals

                                                     Scan

Alone

56

28

84

With adult female

61

15

76

Explanation / Answer

Result:

n many animal societies, a role assumed by the adult male is a sentry, warning adult females and juveniles of approaching predators. Some students of animal behavior believe that this occurs in human society also. In one 4-month study in Seattle an investigator observed people crossing the street at an intersection with no traffic control. The observed behavior was the scanning behavior ("looking both ways") of adult males and females.   The investigator reasoned that if the adult male assumed a protective sentry role, the scanning rate when alone would be less than when accompanied by an adult female. Data from this study is given below. Conduct hypothesis test using a=.05. USE MINI tab!

Test and CI for Two Proportions

Method

p: proportion where Sample 1 = Event

p: proportion where Sample 2 = Event

Difference: p - p

Descriptive Statistics

Sample

N

Event

Sample p

Sample 1

84

56

0.666667

Sample 2

76

61

0.802632

Estimation for Difference

Difference

95% Upper
Bound for
Difference

-0.135965

-0.022841

CI based on normal approximation

Test

Null hypothesis

H: p - p = 0

Alternative hypothesis

H: p - p < 0

Method

Z-Value

P-Value

Normal approximation

-1.94

0.026

Fisher's exact

0.039

The pooled estimate of the proportion (0.73125) is used for the tests.

This is lower tail test.

Calculated Z= -1.94, p=0.026 which is < 0.05 level.

Ho is rejected.

We conclude that the scanning rate when alone is less than when accompanied by an adult female.

p: proportion where Sample 1 = Event

p: proportion where Sample 2 = Event

Difference: p - p

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