12 Scat Belts and Hospital Time A study was made of 413 children who were hos iz

Question

12 Scat Belts and Hospital Time A study was made of 413 children who were hos ized as a result of motor vehicle crashes. Among 290 children who were not u seat belts, 50 were injured severely. Among 123 children using seat belts, 16 wer i jured severely (based on data from "Morbidity Among Pediatric Motor Vehicle Cra Victims: The Effectiveness of Seat Belts," by Osberg and Di Scala, American Jour of Public Health, Vol. 82, No. 3). Is there sufficient sample evidence to conclule, the 0.05 significance level, that the rate of severe injuries is lower for children wear ing seat belts? Based on these results, what action should be taken?

Explanation / Answer

R codes :

> tab=matrix(c(50,240,16,123-16),nrow=2,byrow=T)
> tab
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 50 240
[2,] 16 107
> colnames(tab)=c("Severe","Not.Severe")
> rownames(tab)=c("No.belts","Belts")
> tab=as.table(tab)
> tab
Severe Not.Severe
No.belts 50 240
Belts 16 107
> chisq.test(tab)

Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction

data: tab
X-squared = 0.859, df = 1, p-value = 0.354

Since p-value > 0.05, we accept the null hypothesis that severity of injury is independent of wearing seat belts and conclude that there is no significant dependence between the two.

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