Table Tool w View Help Design LayoutSearch or each scenario below, a. Assign the
ID: 3366231 • Letter: T
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Table Tool w View Help Design LayoutSearch or each scenario below, a. Assign the error or bias most fitting (confounding error, ecological fallacy, effect modification error, recall bias, selection bias (2 points each). b. Provide a thorough rationale for your assignment (4 points each). c. Provide a remedy to avoid the error or bias (2 points each). A team of visiting polio eradication workers were informed during their orientation session that population-wide studies done in their host country showed that the risk of polio in villages of that country was strongly epidemiologically associated with the village's economic/human development circumstances, which ranged greatly from village to village. In some villages, residents lived in hand-constructed huts with no running water, no latrines or sewage disposal areas, and no electricity. In other places, residents lived in wooden or adobe homes which, though modest by Western standards, had all of the above services in place and whose street side craft shops and food markets did a brisk business, catering both to locals and visitors. Knowing this information, the team went into several villages and attempted to assign a "human development rating" to each family. This was based on that family's income situation, access to running water, access to elementary school for their children, and the condition of the home. To their surprise, they found that families in all the villages had no difference in polio risk based on the family's human development rating Points /2 /4 /2 Answer a. Error: Economic human development circumstances b. Rationale: Inadequate supplies, poor water supplies and cleaning can c. Remedy: A vaccination is the remedy and the cleaning of the water the s 2. A group of athletic trainers found that injuries sustained by basketball players wearing white uniforms led to significantly faster recovery times than similar injuries sustained by players wearing uniforms of any other color. It did not make sense in terms of cause and effect, and yet the data were rechecked, found to be correct, and the relationship persisted whesn analyzed at several Universities over a period of several yearsExplanation / Answer
1.
a) Error: I think that the study faces with recall bias. Recall bias is an error which is caused by less accurate recollections of the events by the participants. It is also known as reporting bias.
b) Rationale: In this case, study participants have to recall the history of the specific type of development techniques they took during the past years. It is possible that the information they recall is not accurate. It is also possible that they might be report the information.
c) Remedy: In general, it is quite difficult to remove recall bias.The interview question should be framed carefully, like for example instead of asking directly which can be help the spread of disease, the research question could be to ask the participants about the certain type of diseases they had which might have led them to take those precautions. Hence, this could be converted into a prospective cohort study in this way and recall bias could be eliminated.
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