1) Variation in a species is Vp= Vg+ Ve and heritability in the broad sense is V
ID: 33731 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Variation in a species is Vp= Vg+ Ve and heritability in the broad sense is Vg/Vp. Explain how studies of Archillea plants grown at different elevations extend the wat the term "heritability" must be considered and suggest an added term to the equation for phenotypic variation.
2) In what way did Oliver Ryder's research group (while working with Sloths) at the San Diego Zoo show that studies of cytological variation are becoming less important in conservation genetics? In what way are they still useful?
3) For a sex linked trait on the X chromosome like orange and black coat color genes, which are codominant in cats, estimate allele frewuencies in males and females and overall in the population from the following data ( heterozygotes are calico). What would you predict the allele frequencies would be in the next generation?
Females: Orange=3, Calico= 15, Black= 36
Males: Orange= 10, Calico=0, Black= 38
Explanation / Answer
Clausen, Keck and Heisey grew the same genotypes of Achillea at different elevations in California. Plant height was highly variable and heritable in each environment and all genotypes were shorter at high elevation. However, some plants that were relatively tall in one environment were relatively short in the other. Thus the genetic variance depends on the population’s environment. And the environmental variance depends on the population genes. This situation dependence of the variance components is called genotype by environment (G x E) interaction.
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