Old School versus New School Sports Fans Three academic researchers investigated
ID: 3375169 • Letter: O
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Old School versus New School Sports Fans Three academic researchers investigated the idea that, in American sports, there are two segments with opposing views about the goal of competition (ie.. winning versus self actualization) and the acceptable/desirable way of achieving this goal. Persons who believe in winning at any cost" are proponents of sports success as a product and can be labeled new school (NS) individuals. The new school is founded on notions of the player before the team, loyalty to the highest bidder. and high-tech production and consumption of professional sports On the other hand, persons who value the process of sports and believe that "how you play the game matters" can be labeled old school (OS) individuals. The old school emerges from old fashioned American notions of the team before the player, sportsmanship, and loyalty above all else, and competition simply for "love of the game New School Old School was measured by asking agreement with ten attitude statements. The scores on these statements were combined. Higher scores represent an orientation toward old school values. For purposes of this case study, individuals who did not answer every question were eliminated from the analysis. Based on their summated scores across the 10 items, respondents were grouped into low score, middle score. and high score groups. The following table shows the SPSS computer output of a cross-tabulation to relate the gender of the respondent (GENDER) with the New School Old School grouping (OLDSKOOL) 1. Interpret the computer output. What do the results presented above indicate? 2. Is the analytical approach used here appropriate OLDSKOOL GENDER Cross Tabulation GENDER omen Men OLDSKOOL Count 100.0% OLDSKOOL %within GENDER 10.6% 3-3% 45 39.1% 52.9% 6.7% 9.2% 9.5% 70 115 100.0% 42696 42.6% 129 100.0% 47.8% 47.8% 96 within OLDSKOOL 96 within GENDER 6 of Total 25-9% 24.0% OLDSKOOL % within GENDER 36.5% 96 of 36.3% To Count 270 96 withi OLDSKOOL 96 within GENDER 31.5% 100.096 31.596 100.0% 100. 100.0% Chi-Square Tests df Asymp. Sig, (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio N of Valid Cases a o cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5, The minimum expected count is 8.19.Explanation / Answer
From the output generated, the following may be interpreted:
1. Gender:
Out of the total 270 individuals, 68.5% were men and 31.5% women.About more than half (52.9%) of the women had low scores in the attitude statements, while more than half of men (53%) managed to score miidle scores.
It may imply a slight inclination of the women, in general, towards newskool ideology (low score -->favouring newskool ideology).
Oldskool:
Only 9.6% of the total individuals show strong orientation towards old school; Among which men appears to dominate women in this category.(since proportion of total women do not reflect her in this category).
About 42.6% of the total individuals show inclination towards newschool; Among which women dominate men.
Hence from the cross tab, a slight intution boils up that there might be an assosiation between the gender and the old school grouping.
2. Analytical approach used here is quite appropriate since the phenomenon to be tested is the relation between two categorical variables; treating the scores to be nominal.
Looking at the p value for pearson chi square, p value 0.038<0.05, hence there is no evidence to support that gender and old school grouping are independent at 5% level of significance.
Hence it may be concluded that, gender of the respondent is related to the skool grouping.
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