A big debate in the United States is over whether or not schools should provide

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A big debate in the United States is over whether or not schools should provide bilingual (Spanish & English) education for children of immigrants in the United States. Studies such as that by Branum-Martin and colleagues (2010) have investigate this issue by looking at the eventual English-language reading skills of students in bilingual education programs as compared to traditional (English-only) classroom settings**. Consider the following experiment, which is similar to theirs. Results from a wide range of traditional (English-only) classrooms in border states (e.g., Texas, Arizona, California) show that average performance by 1st graders on a standardized test of English reading comprehension is = 128 with a standard deviation of = 31. A sample of n = 136 1st graders in border schools with bilingual education programs is selected and the average English-language reading comprehension of the selected students is found to be M = 135. Based on this data, do bilingual education programs improve English-language reading comprehension? Conduct the appropriate one-tailed hypothesis test at = .01. What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses? What Z score(s) identify the appropriate critical regions? what is the obtained score?

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A big debate in the United States is over whether or not schools should provide

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