Case Study Chapter 3, the Inflammatory Response, and Fever A nurse is working in
ID: 33894 • Letter: C
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Case Study Chapter 3, the Inflammatory Response, and Fever A nurse is working in a community health center and is caring for a 5-year-old child who was diagnosed as having a right ear infection. When collecting the nursing history, the mother states the child has had a fever to 102 F for 2 days, has been irritable, and complained of feeling tired. The child has been drinking fluids well but not eating. The physician describes the tympanic membrane as The nurse erythematous, bulging with fluid levels, and dull. collects the following vital signs: T. 102 R, P. 110, and R. 1. Fever is often considered to be associated with a bacterial infection. How does the body regulate bacterial temperature? Why is fever often associated with infections? 2. Which of the clinical manifestations given are associated with a localized inflammatory response? What physiological factors are responsible for the development of manifestations? 3. If the physician ordered a complete blood count, what would you expect to see if there is a bacterial infection? 4, Which of the above manifestations are related to a systemic response to the infection?Explanation / Answer
1.
The body temperature is maintained at optimum level by thermoregulatory mechanisms (negative feedback regulation). During infections, the thermostat (of hypothalamus) is set at high temperatures, so that we feel chilled though the environmental temperature is high. Thus, infections (causes fever) are the common reason for chills during a hot day.
2. Erythematous of the tympanic membrane, and bulging with fluids are the symptoms of inflammation. During bacterial infection an inflammatory response in triggered by the immune system by relelasing histamines and cytokines. Ofcourse this is a protective mechanism, but all the cell debris causes extracellular fluid accumulation and inflammation.
3. White blood cell count increases during infections. Monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, (these three are circulating phagocytes present in blood) macrophages (present in peripheral tissues) are the examples of phagocytes. As they provide defence, their number increases during infections.
4. Rise in body temperature is a systemic response to infetions. Inflammation is a local respose.
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