In 2006, Merck released a vaccine named Gardasil for HPV - the most common cause
ID: 3393719 • Letter: I
Question
In 2006, Merck released a vaccine named Gardasil for HPV - the most common cause of cervical cancer among young women. The company conducted four placebo controlled double blind clinical studies of women aged 16 to 26. The results were
(a): Give a 98% confidence interval for the differences in the proportion of young women who develop cervical cancer with and without the vaccine.
Lower confidence level:
Upper confidence level:
(b): Give a 98% confidence interval for the differences in the proportion of young women who develop genital warts with and without the vaccine.
Lower confidence level:
Upper confidence level:
Treatment n Cervical cancer cases n Genital wart cases Gardasil 8487 0 7897 1 Placebo 8460 32 7899 91Explanation / Answer
(a): Give a 99% confidence interval for the differences in the proportion of young women who develop cervical cancer with and without the vaccine.
p1
p2
pc
0.
0.0038
0.0019
p (as decimal)
0
32/8460
32/16947
p (as fraction)
0.
32.
32.
X
8487
8460
16947
n
-0.0038
difference
0.0007
std. error
-0.0055
confidence interval 99.% lower
-0.0021
confidence interval 99.% upper
0.0017
margin of error
99% CI for the difference =(-0.0055, -0.0021)
(b): Give a 99% confidence interval for the differences in the proportion of young women who develop genital warts with and without the vaccine.
p1
p2
pc
0.0001
0.0115
0.0058
p (as decimal)
1/7897
91/7899
92/15796
p (as fraction)
1.
91.
92.
X
7897
7899
15796
n
-0.0114
difference
0.0012
std. error
-0.0145
confidence interval 99.% lower
-0.0083
confidence interval 99.% upper
0.0031
margin of error
99% CI for the difference =(-0.0145, -0.0083)
p1
p2
pc
0.
0.0038
0.0019
p (as decimal)
0
32/8460
32/16947
p (as fraction)
0.
32.
32.
X
8487
8460
16947
n
-0.0038
difference
0.0007
std. error
-0.0055
confidence interval 99.% lower
-0.0021
confidence interval 99.% upper
0.0017
margin of error
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