Please provide step by steps on how to answer the following. On Littering Behavi
ID: 3442545 • Letter: P
Question
Please provide step by steps on how to answer the following.
On Littering Behavior
Here we have the results of an experiment where people were given a flier to read as they entered a shopping mall. Half of the fliers had a note on them reminding them not to litter "anti littering" and half did not.
At the end of the day the researchers went around and located the fliers they'd given out, to see where people left them. Some were in the trash, some were litter, and the others were missing (removed from the mall). Hence the three columns.
Trash Can
Litter
Removed
Control Group (no message)
15
15
40
Experimental Group (message)
20
32
54
What is the formula for the Expected values?
Expected Value for Cell 1,1 =
Expected Value for Cell 1,2 =
Expected Value for Cell 1,3 =
Expected Value for Cell 2,1 =
Expected Value for Cell 2,2 =
Expected Value for Cell 2,3 =
What is the formula for a Chi Square contingency table calculation?
N =
What is the calculated Chi Square value?
What are the degrees of freedom?
What is the tabled value of the Chi Square problem above (p<.05)?
Is the result significant?
Was there a significant difference by type of slogan?
Cramer's phi =
Is this evidence of a small, medium, or large effect?
If you have continuous data, and are comparing three or more groups, you should use the statistic.
Trash Can
Litter
Removed
Control Group (no message)
15
15
40
Experimental Group (message)
20
32
54
Explanation / Answer
H0: There is no difference between control group and experimental group
Ha: There is difference in both.
The following contingency table gives the expected values for all cells and chi square
chi-square = 1.65
degrees of freedom = 2
probability = 0.437
As p>0.05 the result is not significant.
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