1. A researcher looks at the effect of two different types of toothpaste on the

Question

1. A researcher looks at the effect of two different types of toothpaste on the number of cavities a patient has. The researcher gives one group a natural toothpaste with no fluoride and gives another group a toothpaste with fluoride. After using the toothpaste for 24 weeks the researcher examines the participants to see how many cavities each patient has. What is the dependent variable in this example?  

a. the group that used the natural toothpaste without fluoride

b. the number of cavities

c. the toothpaste

d. the group that used the toothpaste with fluoride

2. A researcher is developing a new toothpaste and thinks it will be more effective at preventing cavities than a natural toothpaste. The researcher gives one group the natural toothpaste with no fluoride and gives another group the new toothpaste with fluoride. After using the toothpaste for 24 weeks the researcher examines the participants to see how many cavities each patient has. Which is the control group in this example?

a. the number of cavities

b. the group that used the natural toothpaste without fluoride

c. the group that used the new toothpaste with fluoride

d. all of the participants

3. A researcher is developing a new toothpaste and thinks it will be more effective at preventing cavities than a natural toothpaste. The researcher gives one group the natural toothpaste with no fluoride and gives another group the new toothpaste with fluoride. After using the toothpaste for 24 weeks the researcher examines the participants to see how many cavities each patient has. Which is the experimental group in this example?

a. all of the participants

b. the group that used the new toothpaste with fluoride

c. the number of cavities

d. the group that used the natural toothpaste without fluoride

Explanation / Answer

1. The answer is Option B, number of cavities. This is because the effect of toothpaste (which is therefore the independent variable) is being studied on the the number of cavities.

2. The answer is Option B, the group that used the natural toothpaste without fluoride. This is because this group is using a toothpaste without the added ingredient in it (which is fluoride).

3. The answer is Option B, the group that used the new toothpaste with fluoride. As mentioned above, this is group that is exposed to the toothpaste with the added ingredient (a level of independent variable manipulation).

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