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of brothers and SISters 12. The heritability estimate for attitudes on racial in

ID: 3447123 • Letter: O

Question

of brothers and SISters 12. The heritability estimate for attitudes on racial integration is .06, which means that a) measures of attitudes are not valid b) variation in attitudes toward integration is not affected by environmental differences or learning experiences c)6% of people are in favor of integration. d) very little, if any, of the variation in this attitude is genetic 13. According to the concept ofthe likelihood of a given behavioral outcome depends on the existence of specific genetic potential that must be activated by specific life experiences a) genetic determinism b) probabilistic epigenesis c) niche-picking d) experiential canalization 14. The set of possible phenotypic outcomes any individual can achieve on the basis of his or her genotype is known as a) niche-picking b) canalization. c) probabilistic epigenesis d)the range of reaction 15. Chase and Ben are identical twins who were separated at birth. The concept of probabilistic epigenesis suggests that they will a) differ from one another based on how much their genetic material differs b) differ from one another based on how critical factors in their environment differ c) be more different than alike because of passive environmental influences d) be more alike than different because they have similar reaction ranges 16. The key idea in the concept of range of reaction is that a) there are so many things that can potentially go wrong in prenatal development that we are fortunate when only a few of them actually do b) each individual has limitless potential and it is within the individual's capabilities to realize that potential. c) genes set the boundaries of the range of reaction, but environmental influences determine which possible outcomes actually materialize d) genes provide a strong buffer against environmental variation and limit the effects that the environment can have

Explanation / Answer

12. Option d. Very little variation in attitude is due to genetic factors.

13. Option b. Probabilistic epigenesis best describes the given definition.

14. Option b. Canalisation indicates the close influence of the genotype on the phenotype irrespective of one’s environment.

15. Option b. they will differ form each other based how critical factors in their environment differ.

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