Chapter 5: STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Testing Research Hypotheses. (a) What three hypoth

Question

Chapter 5: STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Testing Research Hypotheses. (a) What three hypotheses must be tested to evaluate the research hypothesis? (b) Given the problem statement below, state all three hypotheses. Will active learning improve the academic performance of PSYC 217 students? 2. Why is ruling out confounding variable important? 3. Why is internal validity a major concern for researcher? Why is it important? 4. Describe the difference between the confounding variables of history and maturation. 5. How can experimenter expectancies lead to experimenter effects?

Explanation / Answer

1. a) the three hypotheses in research include:

The null hypothesis or the hypothesis of no statistically significant difference in the data which helps to establish whether the given findings from the sample are significant enough at .05 or .01 probability estimates to be retained as representative of the population parameters. If the result is significant then we reject the null hypothesis that is, there is actually a marked difference, otherwise we retain the hypothesis.

Alternative non-directional hypothesis for (a two tailed tests) which is the statement about a isgnificant difference occurring in either tail of the normal distribution curve, that is the a stistical value below and/or above the mean.

Alternate directional hypothesis(for a one tailed test) which determines the relationship between variable on only one side of the normal curve. That is either above the mean only or below the mean only. If the obtained value falls in the direction other than the one mentioned in the hypothesis, then we reject the hypothesis. If it lies within the area of the mentioned distribution, then we retain the statistic as indicative of a true and significant difference.

b) in line with the above description, the given problem can be postulated into the following hypotheses:

Null hypothesis: there is no significant difference in the academic performance of PSY 217 students due to active learning.That is.

HO: active learning=/ Psychology students=/ O.

Alternate hypothesis: Active learning will improve the Academic performance of PSY217 students.

H1: active learning= academic performance= 0

Alternative hypothesis 2) Active learning will decrease academic performance, that is

H2: Active learning: academic performance< 0

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