If the South Africans have nuclear weapons, the South African jungle will be rad

ID: 3447469 • Letter: I

Question

If the South Africans have nuclear weapons, the South African jungle will be radioactive.

The South African jungle is radioactive

Therefore the South Africans have nuclear weapons.

Modus Ponens: valid

Modus Tollens: valid

Affirming the consequent: Invalid

Denying the antecedent: invalid

If ESP were real, psychic predictions would be completely reliable.

Psychic predictions are completely reliable.

So ESP is real.

Modus Ponens: Valid

Modus Tollens: Valid

Affirming the Consequent: Invalid

Denying the Antecedent: Invalid

If I perceive what appears to be a red door, then there really is a red door there.

There really is a red door there.

Thereofre, I percieve what appears to be a red door.

Modus Ponens: Valid

Modus Tollens: Valid

Affirming the Consequent: Invalid

Denying the Antecedent: Invalid

1) the correct option is option (d) denying the anticedent - invalid

2) the correct option is option (affirming the conseconseque-invalid

3) the correct option is option (a) Modus ponea - valid

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