3. Subject or organismic variables pose particular problems for researchers what

Question

3. Subject or organismic variables pose particular problems for researchers what sort of problems? When conducting research, how can such problems be reduced? Discuss four types of dependent measures and provide a concrete example of each one. Explain the difference between Type I and Type Il Errors. Provide an example of each. 4. 5. 6. Why is random sampling used so infrequently in psychological research? What sampling method is more common? Does lack of random sampling pose problems for research? Why or why not? . What advantages do factorial designs have over single factor designs? 8. How do between-subjects designs differ from within-subjects (or repeated measures) designs? Describe a hypothetical example of each type of design 9. Under what conditions should researchers consider using single participant experiments? 10.What is content validity? Provide an example and explain how it differs from criterion validity and concurrent validity

Explanation / Answer

3. The biggest challenge that subject or organismic variables pose to researchers is that they cannot be manipulated and therefore their exact influence on the independent variable - dependent variable cannot be established. These variables can only be controlled by selecting participants with specific characteristics and ensuring that the experimental environment is standardised. Researchers can employ the following strategies to reduce the impact of subject variables:

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