specific cultures cited in the text. Show that what is \"normal\" in one culture
ID: 3449851 • Letter: S
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specific cultures cited in the text. Show that what is "normal" in one culture may not be "normal" in another. (7 Points). 7. Pi aget's first stage of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage, for which he identified six substa from birth throu of thinking and give ges. Using Piaget's theory, describe how thinking changes in infancy examples of specific intellectual abilities which emerge. (8 Points) 8. Discuss three ways that infants communicate before they can actually speak. Describe each method of communication, how it varies across cultures. Discuss how each method is related to later language development. (7 Points) how it changes over time, how adults respond to it, and Describe the infant attachment process. Explain how children become attached to caregivers and the significance of this in human development. What are the four types of attachment that have been classically described in the attachment literature, and out of what procedure did they arise? What are the limitations of this classic approach to attachment? (8 Points) 9.Explanation / Answer
Jean Piaget, believed that every individual goes through four stages in life that shapes their cognitive development. The four stages being; sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), preoperational stage(2-7 years), concrete operational stage(7-11 years) and finally the formal operational stage(11-adulthood).
An individual at birth, in the first stage of cognitive development only relies on his reflexes. It is during the course of time that he learns to imitate actions. It's during this stage that he assimilates and accommodates new information which reflects in his thinking process. According to Piaget's view of the sensorimotor stage, infants from 0-2 months are capable of only recognizing reflexes like sucking.
It is during the sensorimotor stage that an infant understand the concept of 'object permanence'. Peek-a-boo is a common example of object permanance. An infant knows that the object still exists even when it is not in their sight. However, their cognition is not so developed for them to have memory skills to 'hold on' to the location of the object. It is also in this stage that an infant indulges in a goal directed behaviour. For instance, there is a toy container which has all the toys dumped in it. Typically, a toy container has a plastic lid which needs to be removed in order to dump the toys that are not needed and turn over the basket to dump the toys out. A 6 month old infant would get frustrated to figure out how to put the toys inside the container and how to get out the ones which are dug deep down beneath, under the others. He may not know that the lid must be taken off in order to get the toys out or to put them back in. However, by the age of 2, the toddler makes progress and learns what to do. Piaget suggested that it is in this stage where an infant moves from reflexes to a goal-directed behaviour and learns the concept of object permanence.
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