QUESTION 1 Which of the following claims is not a commitment of Cultural Relativ

Question

QUESTION 1

Which of the following claims is not a commitment of Cultural Relativism?

Ethical values are relative to individuals who hold them.

There is no "universal truth" in ethics—that is, there are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times.

Different societies have different moral codes.

The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society.

2 points   

QUESTION 2

According to Utilitarianism, what is the purpose of publicly blaming someone for his actions?

To make the person feel remorseful for his action.

To discourage others from performing actions of the same type in the future.

To ensure that others shame the person.

To tarnish the person's character.

2 points   

QUESTION 3

Suppose you are passenger in your friend's car and you do nothing to stop her from texting while driving. What normative principle entails that you are morally accountable, if she hits a pedestrian with her car?

Heteronomy of the Will

Impartiality

Negative Responsibility

Retributive Justice

2 points   

QUESTION 4

Rawls uses the Original Position thought experiment to argue for two principles of justice: 1) Principle of Equal Liberty: Each person has an equal right to the most extensive liberties compatible with similar liberties for all, and 2) the Difference Principle.

The Difference Principle claims that “Social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that they are both…” (choose all that apply)

to the greatest benefit of the predominant shareholders of wealth and power

attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of equality of opportunity.

attached to offices and positions open to all landowners under conditions of manifest destiny

to the greatest benefit of corporations with financial interests

attached to offices and positions open to only those with economic means and social influence under conditions of capitalism

to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged persons

2 points   

QUESTION 5

According to Kantian Deontology, why are acts of lying and deception always morally wrong? (Select all that apply)

because lying and deception often lead to negative consequences

because lying logically undermines the very practice of truthful communication

because your lie might be found out by others

because lying and deception disrespects other persons

because lying and deceiving others will ruin your reputation

2 points   

QUESTION 6

Which of the following represents a strong counter-consideration to the ethical egoist's claim that the interests of everyone would be best promoted if each of us adopts the egoistic policy of pursuing our own interests exclusively?

People regularly promote the interests of others

Not everyone is capable of promoting their own interests, e.g. those with physical or cognitive limitations.

Promoting the interests of others is in everyone's best interest.

It is unrealistic to think everyone can pursue their own interests exclusively.

2 points   

QUESTION 7

What are some of the considerations that lead act-utilitarians to recommend that agents should cultivate good habits and follow "rules of thumb"? (Select all that apply)

implicit bias skews the cost-benefit analyses conducted by most agents

most agents are not skilled enough at calculating the likelihoods and probabilities for the outcomes of possible actions

an agent with good habits will act from good intentions

agents have limited resources for evaluating their choices in real-time

habituated rule following is the best way to uphold moral law

3 points   

QUESTION 8

Match each of the following statements with the corresponding concepts (a-m). Concepts can only be used once, and six concepts do not correspond to any of the statements.

The descriptive thesis that everyone acts out of their own self-interest in all cases.

The practical necessitation of an action out of respect for moral law.

Punishing in order to discourage or prevent future actions of the same type.

Property of actions and practices, which are likely to generate additional sources of happiness and pleasure in the future.

There can be no relevant difference from a moral point of view which consists just in the fact that benefits or harms accrue to one person rather than to another.

We should never treat persons merely as means to an end, but always as ends in themselves.

Capacity of persons to reason and decide the right way to act by ourselves, freely willing our own actions without appeal to external authority.

Personal Integrity

Autonomy

Hypothetical Imperative

Heteronomy

Fecundity

Propinquity

Ethical Egoism

Negative Responsibility

Duty

Psychological Egoism

Principle of Impartiality

Categorical Imperative – Formulation of Humanity

Deterrence

a.

Ethical values are relative to individuals who hold them.

b.

There is no "universal truth" in ethics—that is, there are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times.

c.

Different societies have different moral codes.

d.

The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society.

Explanation / Answer

1. d)The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society.

2.b) To discourage others from performing actions of the same type in the future.

3. a) Heteronomy of the will

Heteronomy refers to an action that is influenced by a force outside the individual, in other words, the state or condition of being ruled, governed, or under the sway of another, as in a military occupation.

5.b) because lying logically undermines the very practice of truthful communication

Kant’s theory is an example of a deontological moral theory–according to these theories, the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty.

8.The descriptive thesis that everyone acts out of their own self-interest in all cases.----(-j) Psychological Egoism

Punishing in order to discourage or prevent future actions of the same type.------(m). Deterrence

The practical necessitation of an action out of respect for moral law.----- (i) Duty

Property of actions and practices, which are likely to generate additional sources of happiness and pleasure in the future.-------- (c) Hypothetical Imperative

We should never treat persons merely as means to an end, but always as ends in themselves------(l) Categorical Imperative – Formulation of Humanity

There can be no relevant difference from a moral point of view which consists just in the fact that benefits or harms accrue to one person rather than to another---- (k) principle of Impartiality

A capacity of persons to reason and decide the right way to act by ourselves, freely willing our own actions without appeal to external authority------(b) Autonomy

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