PSYC 2078: Written Assignment (Ch 5-7; 10 points) Turn in on Moodle before: Sund
ID: 3451906 • Letter: P
Question
PSYC 2078: Written Assignment (Ch 5-7; 10 points) Turn in on Moodle before: Sunday, 3/11/2018 at 12 PM Each prompt is worth two points. All responses should be between 3-5 sentences or bullet points. Make sure to answer each part of the prompt Name: What evidence supports the conclusion that both biological and sociocultural factors influence gender roles? 1. How do mass media portrayals of gender roles and/or stereotypes affect adolescents? Provide at least one example to illustrate your point. 2. 3. Describe at least two variables related to the failure of sexually active adolescents to use contraceptives. How can we improve these outcomes? 4. Compare and contrast Kohlberg and Gilligan's theories of moral development. 5. Describe how the context of schools can influence moral development.Explanation / Answer
1. Gender role is largely a product of the way in which one was raised and may not be in conformance with one's gender identity. The development of gender differences is a complicated issue including elements of both nature (biology) and nurture (socialization). Biological factors play a huge role in shaping children's physical development. For instance, boys and girls are born with distinctive sexual organs, and become further differentiated when secondary sexual characteristics emerge upon puberty. Naturally occurring chemical messenger compounds in the body known as hormones are responsible for coordinating the appearance of these physical differences. Other studies have shown that children's upbringing and social environments also impacts their developing gender identities. This work can be summarized by stating that children's interests, preferences, behaviors and overall self-concept are strongly influenced by parental and authority figure teachings regarding sexual stereotypes occurring in or before the early portion of middle childhood. Children who are taught that certain traits or activities are appropriate or inappropriate for them to engage because they are a girl or a boy do tend to internalize and be influenced by these teachings in later life. 2.Media plays a large role in creating social norms, because various forms of media, including advertisements, television, and film, are present almost everywhere in current culture. Gender roles, as an example, exist solely because society as a whole chooses to accept them, but they are perpetuated by the media. For example,in many advertisements women are still shown as working in home and cleaning the house while men read the newspaper,this does create impact on young children who start assuming that this is how both genders should be and further if this reinforced by their home envirionment it does creates gender differences in them. 3.Lawrence Kohlberg’s model of evolution of morality is based upon the principle that human beings make decisions on the basis of universal, abstract principles of justice, duty, and impartial reasoning, and logic. Carol Gilligan’s ‘ethics of care’ principle, which was at the centre of her model, is based on the basic tenet that, female psychology, values, and even moral structure differ from that of males. She claims that women are inherently inclined towards care and responsibility to others. She developed a relational theory to demonstrate the development of female morality. 4.Children spend an incredible amount of time in school. School and school culture have a great impact on students’ moral development. According to Shumaker and Heckel (2007), most children are more receptive to the information imparted upon them by teachers (compared with parents) because not only is there a clear authority behind the information and often clear consequences for failing to learn, but also the student is in a more active learning mode than when they are at home or in other contexts. In a positive school culture children feel comfortable at school, feel safe to talk to their teachers when they face problems, feel appreciated, or being involved in decision-making at school, they will have greater confidence and a more positive attitude. A school culture sharpens the focus of daily behavior and increases attention to what is important and valued. Question 3 can be asked as another question.
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