4. What is a \"threat\" to internal validity? Discuss several of these threats b

Question

4. What is a "threat" to internal validity? Discuss several of these threats be sure to provide examples-and explain what, if anything, can be done to reduce their influence in a study. 5. How can the intenal validity threat of mortality be disruptive to psychological research? 6. How can the intemal validity threat of maturation be disruptive to psychological research? 7. What is a quasi-experiment? How do quasi-experiments differ from traditional experiments? 8. Why are non-equivalent control group designs and time series designs classified as quasi- experiments? Provide an example of each type of design, noting its strengths and weaknesses. How do cross-sectional designs and longitudinal designs differ from one another? 9. 10. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with open- and closed-ended questions? When is it preferable to use one in favor of the other . Name several characteristics of good surveys. 12. What is an Experience Sampling Method (ESM)? How are ESMs used by psychologists? 13. In what ways can applied or ficld research provide service to communities? Chapter 7 14. What are some of the challenges rescarcher face when they want to conduct research with non-traditional or special populations of research participants (i.e, those who are not traditional-aged college students)? 15. What are the benefits of conducting research with non-traditional or special populations of research participants (i.e., those who are not traditional-aged college students)? 16. What opportunities does external validity provide to researchers? 17. What is ecological validity? Provide an example.

Explanation / Answer

Internal validity refers to the extent of how well a research has been conducted without any other biases influencing the results of the experiment. History, maturation, testing, instrumentation, regression, selection, experimental mortality are the possible threats to internal validity. For instance, we take instrumentation as a threat to internal validity; instrumentation refers to the change of the instrument through out the study. If different instruments or tools are used throughout the experiment with none of them being steady, it would affect the internal validity of the experiment. Other than the independent variable having an effect on the dependent variable, instrumentation would be an external threat which would affect the internal validity of the experiment

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