37. a. prejudice b. Cognitive dissonance c. is when a person holds two contradic

Question

37. a. prejudice b. Cognitive dissonance c. is when a person holds two contradictory beliefs at the same time. self-serving bias d. just-world bias 38. When Elizabeth's fellow students show up late to class, she thinks they are irresponsible and lazy. But when Elizabeth is late to class, she tells her professor that it is not her fault because her bus was late. Elizabeth's explanation best illustrates the a. Fundament attribution error b. Just world hypothesis c. Self-fulfilling prophecy d. Actor/observer bias 39 Darren is walking through a busy grocery store when he knocks over a display full of paper towel rolls. Many people see the paper towels fall, but no one helps him pick them up. People's failure to help can most likely be attributed to a. Altruism b. Reciprocal helping c. Frustration-aggression hypothesis d. Bystander apathy 40. Do you really have to answer this question? a. Of course not b. Why are you asking me? c. Only during a lunar eclipse in a leap year d. If I can cheat to do it

Explanation / Answer

37. (b) Cognitive dissonance refers to having contrasting views, ideas or values regarding something. This dilemma causes a lot of stress to the person which they then try to get rid of by changing their behaviour in some way. For example, a person likes to smoke but is also familiar with the repercussions of smoking on his health. He then either tries to give up smoking entirely or convince himself that doing so is what makes him happy and it won't cause him any harm.

38. ( a) Fundamental attribution error occurs where a person attributes the behaviour of others to their personality and dispositions; internal causes ( Elizabeth attributed the cause of her classmate being late to class to internal factors i.e, the fellow classmate itself is lazy and irresponsible) and explain their own behaviour in terms of their situation; external causes ( Elizabeth says that her being late to class was not her fault rather caused by an external event- her bus being late)

39. (d) Bystander apathy is a phenomenon where people are less likely to help a person in need when they see that others around them are not trying to help either. The presence of others discourages an individual to offer help to the victim ( which is Darren in this case ) in distress.

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