Contents lists available at Journal of Cleaner Production ELSEVIER The integrati
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Contents lists available at Journal of Cleaner Production ELSEVIER The integration of Design Thinking and Strategic Sustainable Development Hila Shapira, Adela Ketchie, Meret Nehe A R TICLE INF AESTRACT Human activities ase now so peasive and profound that they ace altering the stability of the earth in ways that threaten the very bde suppet syitem spon which umanity depends. The field of design has contributed to the creation of sach complex socio-ecological problems, but it is also adapting as a source for solutions. Des gn Thnkag (Dr) identsed asa possible approach that could help create such solutions, and contribute to Statepic Sustainable Development (SSD) The purpose of the research was to examine potential contributors and hindrances of the DT process with regards to SSD, and create a prototype of an integrated perocess that could help achieve more strategic and sustainable outcomes Using the Framework for Stratepic Sustainabile Development (ESSD) as a lens to examine and inform the above, combined withterm ws, Action Research and expert feedback, an integrated process was creaned. t was indicated by participants of the Action Research and by experts that the proposed pro- totype could help reah strnepc and sustainable outcomes, and that further refinemes should be puisued Consequently.thad aml tnal peototype. suggesting a passable SusuuMble Design Thinking SDT) process, was developed uly 2014 evised form 12 Otobes 2015 Accepted 20 October 2015 Awalable eniline 9 Nevember 2015 Frameweek for Stralegk Sustaimable Sustainable Develapent Design Thinking process © 2015 Elsevier Led All rights reserved. 1. Introduction 11 The sastaability challenge This paper explores the role that Design Thinking (DT) could The large and growing impact on the biosphere in the Anthro- play in responding to the pressing. global sustainability challenges pocene era presents a major problem for humanity moving for- humanity now faces By analysing the DT process through the lens ward Human activities are now so pervasive and profound that of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD)L as they threaten the very lde-support system upon which humanity well as by seeling knowledge from practitioners in the field, the depends (Chick and Micklethwaite, 2011; Steffen, 2004) The ma- authors present an enriched DT process with strategic and my of the sc entific community agrees that-warm ng of the tainability perspectives integrated throughout. Such a synergistic climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the outcome could serve to create novel insights for the field of DT and observed changes are unprecedented over decades to mallennia through application, design solutions supporting systematic and The atmosphese and oceans have warmed, the amount of snow and ce have duminished, and sea level has risen (IPCC, 2014, 2). Steffen et al (2015) contend that four of nine vital planetary boundaries have already been crossed (climate change, loss of biosphere ntegrity, Land-system change, and altered biogeochemical cycles of phosphorus and itstrogen) which risk inadvertently causing abrupt . the authors were studenti ta th, Master's Pr am Stategic Leadership permanent change to the Earth system resulting in acute dimin- sustainable change. towands Sustainity at ekinge Institute of Technogy during the dhment of human well being worldwide. It has long been recos 2012 2013 This article is bined larpely upon the indings sepoted in the master's theus prodaced during tha program. The authors are carpenty nde mized that the fragile social abric is tightly linked to the integnity of environmental conditions (WCED 1987) and as such, foe important reseach, methods and ress are available online at :www.btssues bke poverty alleviation and environmental protection one cannot be meaningfully addressed while the other ignored Chick and Macklethwaite, 2011, 76. The nature of the challenge is 0959-6526jo 2015 Ehevies Ltd. All rights resevedExplanation / Answer
The inclusion of sustainability and strategy within a design thinking process or project is of immense importance, for their far-reaching benefits for the mankind.
For a design to be strategic and sustainable non-linearity, experimentalism, iterations, and prototyping are desired. this is so because frequent revisions, collaboration, and feedback are bound to provide for the desired outcome. The interactive model for qualitative research design, as presented by Maxwell offers the desired flexibility, and hence the authors choose it for the methodological purposes. The Design Thinking (DT) process included expert interviews and FSSD or (Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development) analysis. Prototypes were designed, revised with the help of feedback and improved, and each subsequent development was named differently (for example Prototype 1, Prototype 2 and Prototype 3).
FSSD itself is a generic framework and provides for extrapolation. It provides for analysis, planning and decision making within the socio-ecological boundaries. Interviews, analysis, research/ workshop, prototype formulation, feedback, and conceptualization and/or designing of the final prototype are the different stages of FSSD model. These stages may not occur sequentially and a more simultaneous and holistic view may be required.
The sustainability challenge is addressed at the "Systems" level of FSSD itself and an understanding towards the functioning and interrelation in between ecological and social systems relevant to the design are studied. At the "Success" level, one has to create a design without crossing the boundaries laid by nature and other mankind concerns. For instance, the designer should take into account the limited availability of metals or fossil fuels while creating a design.
Subsequently, an action plan is created and systems, capacity tools, and strategies are formulated, at the "Strategic" level. The backcasting process involves envisioning of future (the sustainability principles are kept in mind) and formulating and implementing a strategic plan for its real-life occurrence.
The "Prototype Formulation" stage involved interviews of experts with knowledge in relation to sustainability and/or design thinking. While the data was organized as per inductive coding, other activities and concepts were also included, for sustainability sake.
The conceptualization of the second prototype was based on face-to-face discussion and analysis(also known as Second Person Action Research). All the participants were invited to provide their feedback (through focus groups and surveys).
The 2nd prototype took a written form before it was presented to the experts. The final or the 3rdprototype was conceptualized after including expert feedback and ideas.
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