1. Ruth Benedict, an anthropologist, claims that \"what is moral\" should be rep
ID: 3462009 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Ruth Benedict, an anthropologist, claims that "what is moral" should be replaced by "what is habitual." TF 2. According to Kant, morality is a matter of following the laws of our culture. T F 3. To act rationally, according to Kant, means that one is capable of moving himself or herself to act by strong preferences, that is, to limit oneself to desires which would be compelling . T F desires for any person in the same circumstances 4 Sartre places freedom over reason since we are free to choose to act rationally. T F 5. Cultural relativism promotes ethnocentric arrogance. T IF 6. Gilligan claims that the ethical perspective characteristic of women is based more on relationships than on rules. T F 7. Socrates, in his description of the three parts of the soul, claims that the good life is dependent upon reason being subservient to the desires. T F 8. According to Spinoza the love of God is equivalent to the knowledge of Nature. T F 9. Hobbes' psychological egoism denies the existence of altruism because we will just do what is morally right for our pleasure. T F 10 is simply the rule that we should always try to achieve the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people a. Kantianism b. Utilitarianismm c. Egoisnm d. None of the above. 11. The principle: "Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law," is an example of a. Conditional imperative b. Religious principle c. Categorical imperative d. UtilitarianismExplanation / Answer
1. True
According to Ruth Benedict, morality is culturally relative. Morality is merely socially approved habits. What is moral in the society is what is habitual. We say that something is immoral because it is not habitual.
2. False
According to Kant, a person should do what is right irrespective of his religious or cultural beliefs and morality depends on the deeds and not the consequences.
3. False
According to Kant, rational beings should overcome their desires to act morally and shouldn't act by strong preferences.
4. True
According to Sartre one must put freedom above all because everybody has a right to choose what they want.
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