The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a report that attributed

Question

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a report that attributed part of the increase in youth smoking in the 1980s to the use of the cartoon character, Joe camel, in cigarette advertising. Using annual data going back to 1965, the report showed that the number of people under the age of 18 who started smoking increased markedly in 1988, the same year that Joe Camel first appeared in tobacco ads (“Daily Smoking by Teens Has Risen Sharply,” 1998).

·         a. What kind of a quasi-experimental design was used in this study?

·         b. What potential threats to internal validity are present in this design?

·         c. From these data, how confident are you that Joe Camel was responsible for increases in youth smoking?

Explanation / Answer

a. The interrupted time-series quasi-experimental design was used in this study,

b. The potential threats to internal validity are as follows:

c. This study is correlational, rather than experimental in nature. Therefore, any causal relationships established from the data cannot be completely reliable. It may be that the advertisement was merely one among the many factors that lead to the rise in smoking. Iy may also be that the advertisement became popular because many adolescents started to smoke. Therefore, we cannot be confident about this conclusion.

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