not sure how to answer these What is edema? Explain why edema is a symptom for b

Question

not sure how to answer these

What is edema? Explain why edema is a symptom for both hypertension and kwashiorkor A 65-year-old male patient presents with shortness of breath. He has just returned from a vacation in Australia. He reports that he felt fine while he was on vacation, no trouble with breathing. However, he reports that he developed pain in the left leg the day after he arrived home. The leg pain is gone and now the shortness of breath is his chief complaint. His breathing is rapid (tachypnea). His doctor admits him to the hospital and orders a pulmonary arteriography. 3. a a. What does the doctor suspect is the diagnosis ? b. Why is the fact that he just returned from a trip to Australia helpful? c. What was the probable cause of the leg pain? d. How could this problem be avoided? 69

Explanation / Answer

EDEMA - it is a medical term for swelling which was formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy.

The condition of excess of the watery fluid collecting in the cavities or the tissues of the body which is linked to the venous or the lymphatic system.

swelling is generally caused in hands, arms, ankles, legs and feet.

the interstitial fluid amount in the body is determined by the balance of fluid homeostasis, during the condition of edema the secretion of the fluid into the interstitium increases or the impaired removal of the fluid can also cause this type of condition.

EDEMA IS A SYMPTOM FOR HYPERTENSION AND KWASHIORKOR

yes it is a symptom of both the cases as:

in the case of kwashiorkor- due to decreased protein intake cause hypoalbuminemia causes decreased oncotic pressure leadin to the increase in cappilary permeability so,

it leads to decrease in blood volume and RBF leads to secretion of renin thet stimulate aldosterone secretion and sodium and water retention, on the other way hemoconcentration stimulate ADH production resulting in water retention sooo causes edema.

in the case of hypertension-

due to hypertension it prevents oxygen from being absorbed into the blood stream as the heart isn't capable of properly pumping the blood back up into the pulmonary arteries so blood pressure increases which pushes the fluid in the alveoli, reducing normal oxygen movement therefore the swelling in the legs or ankles are seen.

3 a) the doctor orders a pulmonary arteriography as he suspects blood clots or other blockages in the blood flow in the lung as the patient is with the condition of tachypnea that is the abnormal breathing.

here, the blood vessels of the lungs are examined after the injection of the radio opaque contrast medium into the pulmonary circulation for detecting the pulmonary emboli. so, with test the doctor can assess the presence of any blockages.

3b) return from australia is helpful as the patient is suffering from tachypnea which is rapid breathing as normally 12- 20 breaths are taken per minute if it comes around 40-60 says there is an abnormality in breathing which occurs due to either acute or chronic cases like clots. the climate in australia is very cool and contains more moisture content leading to difficulty to take breath so as a result can cause more effect on the respiration of the patient so it is a good decision to return

3 c) the probable cause of the leg pain is during the vacation on standing for a long time or else sitting for a long stretch without any activity can cause feet, ankles or legs to swell. the swelling occurs due to the result of blood pooling into the lower extremities causing more stress on leg veins resulting in aching, muscle tightness and tenderness in the legs so can cause pain .

3 d)the problem of pain can be avoided by simple exercises like brisk walking, doing foot and knee lifts, performing ankle flexes and rotations can cause low pain, if the case is more severe then the prescribed medications by the doctor is used.

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