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Q1:Which one of the following is an AIDS-defining condition? Low levels of anti-

ID: 3472255 • Letter: Q

Question

Q1:Which one of the following is an AIDS-defining condition?

Low levels of anti-HIV antibodies

Any serious infection

Presence of Kaposi’s sarcoma

Abnormally low or absent helper T cell count

Q2:Which one of the following agents is one of the opportunistic pathogens that cause infections in AIDS and other patients with immunodeficiency?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Salmonella typhimurium

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Q3:Walking into a clinic you notice a sign on the door that reads “Absolutely no latex products beyond this point.” The goal of this protocol is to prevent _____ reactions.

Cellular (Delayed) hypersensitivity (Type IV)

Immediate hypersensitivity (Type I)

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (Type II)

Immune complex hypersensitivity (Type III)

Q4:How is acute inflammation different from chronic inflammation?

Acute inflammation is characterized by the predominance of lymphocytes

Acute inflammation is characterized by the predominance of monocytes.

Acute inflammation is characterized by the predominance of neutrophils.

Acute inflammation is characterized by the predominance of macrophages.

Q5:In respect to epidemiology, incidence refers to the:

Number of deaths caused by a disease

Number of active cases that are present at any given time

Number of new cases of a disease

Number of resolved cases of a disease

Q6:Which of the following statements that describe the role of the cell cycle and cell proliferation in tissue healing and regeneration is INCORRECT?

Nervous tissue of the brain injured by stroke cannot regenerate

Bone marrow cells that give rise to the blood cells are examples of labile cells

Cardiac myocytes proliferate after cardiac injury

Hepatocytes remain in the resting stage of the cell cycle until stimulated

Q7:Unlike acute inflammation, chronic inflammation and granulomas are characterized by:

Aggregations of macrophages and lymphocytes

Neutrophil and macrophage recruitment

Vasodilation and edema

Fibrous tissue deposition

Q8:Which of the following statements characterizing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is true?

HL widely spreads by moving from node to node

Defective B-cell immunity is a common problem in HL

Increased risk is associated with human papillomavirus infection

HL rarely involves lymph nodes

Q9:A patient exhibits prolonged bleeding time after injuries. Your clinical investigations of the standard coagulation tests revealed that the patient has prolonged prothrombin time (PT). 1) Which of the following coagulation pathways are affected? 2) What cellular or protein component of the pathway is deficient or dysfunction?

Common pathway only; von Willebrand factor (vWF)

Extrinsic and common pathway; XII

Intrinsic and common pathway; VII

Common pathway only; platelets

Q10:A 67-year-old Hispanic male presents to the ER with dizziness, headache, and vision changes. Chemistries are drawn and demonstrate a markedly elevated protein level; further testing reveals a monoclonal gammopathy of IgM. The patient's x-rays are notable for multiple “punched out” bony defects, especially in the spine and skull. What is the most likely explanation of the patient's symptoms?

Multiple myeloma

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Q11:The primary warning signs of acute leukemia are:

Swollen lymph nodes, weight gain, headache, easy bruising

Fatigue, pallor, weight loss, recurrent infections, easy bruising, bleeding

Bleeding, abdominal pain, and fever

Bone pain, weight loss, fever, and headache

Q12:The thrombolytic agents used in treatment of a thrombosis to a coronary artery acts by:

Reducing the likelihood of fibrin clot formation

Interfering with clotting factor synthesis

Stimulating the formation of plasmin

Interfering with platelet aggregation

Q13:Which of the following statements best describes the effects of hyperglycemia on the cardiovascular system?

High glucose initiates endothelial injury and atherosclerosis

High glucose stimulates reduced homocysteine leading to atherosclerosis

High glucose interacts with blood lipids weakening the vessel wall

High glucose increases blood lipid levels

Q14:A patient presents with complaints of difficulty breathing and looks pale. The patient experiences excessive perspiration and his or her electrocardiogram shows an irregular rhythm. Which other finding will indicate that the patient may have developed myocardial infarction?

Multiple nitroglycerin (NTG) do not relieve the pain

Nitroglycerin (NTG) administration relieves the pain

Aspirin relieves the pain

Rest relieves the symptoms

Atrial fibrillation; P wave

Atrial flutter; P wave

Premature ventricular contraction; R wave

Atrial flutter; T wave

Q16:A nurse is reviewing the results of a diagnostic test of a patient who is being moved out of the intensive care unit. A cardiac troponin level assay was performed while the patient was in the intensive care unit, which indicated high levels of troponin. Which condition was the patient diagnosed with?

Thrombosis

Atrioventricular block

Acute myocardial infarction

Stable angina

Q17:In general, the most life-threatening arrhythmias cause:

Regurgitation of blood flow

Rapid atrial contractions

Under-filling of the ventricles by the atria

Ineffective ventricular contractions

Q18:Rest is beneficial in relieving the pain associated with stable angina because rest allows:

Increased venous return to the heart

Increased blood pressure decreasing coronary flow

Ischemic and conduction disorders

The dilation of the coronary arteries

Normal levels of coronary circulation is restored

Q19:A patient is found to have a disproportionately enlarged interventricular septum with an eccentrically thick left ventricle. Which condition would be indicated in the patient?

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Systolic dysfunction

Aortic valve stenosis

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Q20:Which of the following is the most probable cause for increased secretion of renin due to heart failure?

Increased renal blood flow

Pulmonary congestion

Hypertension

Low cardiac output

Q21:A nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with secondary pulmonary hypertension. The increase in the pulmonary artery pressure has led to the patient’s elevated pulmonary venous pressure. Which condition does the nurse predict to occur in the patient?

Pulmonary edema

Restrictive lung disease

Valvular

Chronic bronchitis

Asthma

Q22:The goal of therapies employed reducing the risk of deep venous thrombosis is to prevent the likelihood of _____.

Decubitus ulcers

Vasculitis

Pulmonary embolism

Infection

Q23:A primary health-care provider finds that a client is suffering from symptoms such as jugular venous distension, ascites, hepatomegaly, and lower limb edema. What clinical condition is most likely the cause of these findings affecting the cardiovascular system?

Pulmonary hypertension

Cor pulmonale

Acute asthma

Stable angina

Q24:Forward heart failure can be simply defined as:

Increased heart rate

Increased end-diastolic volume

Decreased cardiac output

Valvular incompetence

Q2:Which one of the following agents is one of the opportunistic pathogens that cause infections in AIDS and other patients with immunodeficiency?

Explanation / Answer

Aquatic ecosystems
?1. D) Abnormally low or absent helper T-cell count.
2. A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
3
?4. A) Acute inflammation is characterised by predominance of lymphocytes.
?5. A) Incidence refers to the new cases of a disease.
?6. C) Cardiac myocetes proliferate after cardiac injury.
7.B) Neutrophil & macrophage recruitment.
?8. B) Defective B-cell immunity probelm is common in HL
?9.
?12. C) stimulating the formation of plasmin .
14. C) Asprin relieves the pain.
?16.D) Stable angina
19.D) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
?20. B) Pulmonary congestion
?24. C) Decreased cardiac output.
I tried to answer as many question possible.