The following sentences discuss the sense of hearing. Use the labels to complete

Question

The following sentences discuss the sense of hearing. Use the labels to complete the sentences. volume frequency vestibuli depolarization tympani hair cells cochlear duct neurotransmitters auditory ossicles hyperpolarization Sounds waves enter the external acoustic meatus, then vibrate, in order, the tympanic membrane, the ____, the oval window, and the fluid of the scala ____. Vibrations then pass through the vestibular membrane and enter the ___ where they vibrate the basilar membrane. As the basilar membrane vibrates, the ______ are pushed up against the tectorial membrane. The specific area of vibration of the basilar membrane depends upon the ____ of the detected sound. High frequency sounds stimulate proximal hair cells. Lower frequency sounds travel further down the cochlea. Bending of hairs initiates ____ of the cell's plasma membrane. The hair cell then releases _____ that will stimulate nearby neurons.

Explanation / Answer

1. Sound waves enter the external acoustic meatus, then vibrate, in order, the tympanic membrane, the auditory ossicles, the oval window and the fluid of scala vestibuli.

2. Vibrations then pass through the vestibular membrane and enter the cochlear duct where they vibrate basilar membrane. As the basilar membrane vibrates, the hair cells are pushed up against tectorial membrane.

3. The specific area of vibration of the basilar membrane depends upon the frequency of the detected sound. High frequency sounds stimulate proximal hair cells. Lower frequency sounds travel further down the cochlea.

4. Bending of hairs initiates depolarisation of the cells plasma membrane. The hair cells then release the neurotransmitter that will stimulate nearby neurons.

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