In this paper, you will type one to two paragraphs on EVERY topic that we have i

Question

In this paper, you will type one to two paragraphs on EVERY topic that we have in this course. The paper will be an explanation to a lay person on what an EEG is, why we do them, how we do them and all of the technical components we need to know to be able to perform an EEG. The paper should flow (transition) from one paragraph to another. You will be explaining things like why it is important to have good communications skills to communicate with your pt, why we need to make accurate measurements, how we apply electrodes, how we run the EEG, the electricity behind what we are doing, what makes the waves go up and down, how do we know if the pt is normal, abnormal, awake or asleep. How do we know if we have an artifact and how to we going about fixing it and why. Explain the activation procedures and why we do them. Explain the calculations we make and why we would need to do that (sensitivity problems/duration/frequency/voltage...)

Explanation / Answer

EEG (electroencephalogram):

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test which is used to measure and records the electrical activity of brain of patient with the help of electrodes.

The essential components of an EEG machine include:

·         Electrodes :

1.      Made up of stainless steel, tin, gold or silver covered with a silver chloride coating.

2.      Small, flat metal discs, attached to the scalp with wires

3.      Each electrode site is labelled with a letter and a number.

4.      The letter denotes (F - Frontal lobe and T - Temporal lobe) i.e area of brain underlying the electrode and

5.      Numbers denote the right and lef side of the head (Even numbers for right side and odd numbers for left side).

Magnifies weak, tiny nerve signals big enough to be displayed

Record wave and store in hard drive

Recorded signals are displayed in monitor or print with the help of galvanometer

When electrodes are attached on the head of the patients, it tracks and starts recording of electrical impulses of brain and send signals to a computer, where the results are recorded and displayed in the monitor.

EEG depends on the electrical signals, which are produced constantly by the nerve cells in the brain. Our nerve transmits signals via “neuron” in the whole body. As we know that different state of mind displays different EEG patterns and have different frequencies and amplitudes. For example: rest, sleep, alertness and dreaming (different mind states) showed different wave patterns of brain i.e alpha, beta, theta, and delta respectively.

Electrical impulses are generated because of the diffusion of ions (like calcium, sodium and potassium ions) across the cell membranes. When the nerve is in depolarized or repolarized states there will be movement of ions across the cell membrane and It cause a sudden change in the voltage across the wall of the axon. And because of change in the voltage across the wall, electrical signals are generated.

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