Question Numbers 5, 6, 7 Which efferent division of the autonomic nervous system
ID: 3472848 • Letter: Q
Question
Question Numbers 5, 6, 7
Which efferent division of the autonomic nervous system is the dominant controller of most autonomic effectors most of the time? What is the distinction between the reflexes that cause cardiac muscle to react and those that cause skeletal muscles to react? Using the control of the speed of a car as an example, explain dual innervation in the autonomic nervous system. What distinguishes the function of autonomic transmitters from that of receptors? How do they regulate dually innervated effector cells? Based on what you know, explain why the autonomic nervous system is not an "automatic" nervous system with little control from the higher brain centers. There are reports of people performing almost superhuman feats of strength when under great stress. Specifically, what is happening in the body that would allow this to happen? The drug propranolol (Inderal) blocks the effect of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system. To what class of drugs does propranolol (Inderal) belong, and what are its therapeutic effects? Can you identify substances (other than acetylcholine and norepinephrine) that respond to receptors for the autonomic nervous system? What name is given to this group of substances, and what is their most likely role?Explanation / Answer
Ans6: The propranolol belongs to the group of drugs called beta blockers. Its therapeutic effects involve decreasing blood pressure, heart rate and also reducing the workload of the heart by blocking beta receptors. It also works for prevention of tremors and migraine.
Ans 7: The nicotinic agonists are the substance that responds to the receptors to the autonomic nervous system. Example Nicotine and the other drug type could be sympathomimetic drugs example to this is phenylephrine. Nicotine mimics the ACh at pre ganglionic synapses, causing activation of postganglionic fibres and the release of norepinephrine onto the target organ> its parasympathetic effect mimic the pre ganglionic synapses, causing activation of postganglionic fibres and the release of ACh onto the target organ> these two mechanism overall causes most conflicting signals to cancel each other out but cardiovascular system is susceptible to hypertension and arrhythmias. The role of nicotine in the autonomic nervous system are important in considering the role smoking can play in health.
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