clinical case study on reproductive system Angela\'s story UCaseStudySm17-Word M
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clinical case study on reproductive system Angela's story UCaseStudySm17-Word Malings Review View Tei me Angela's Story: A Case Study on the Reproductive System You are a columnist for a popular website that deals with women's health issues. Visitors to the site can submit their stories and questions through an "Ask the Expert link on the site. In this scenario, a 26- year-old woman has posted her story and some questions regarding reproductive health My name is Angela. I am a 26-year-old married woman with no children. My husband, Doug, and I have been trying to get pregnant for over two years now and my doctor has suggested that I consider fertility drug treatments. The irony of our situation is that I have been taking a birth control pill for five years to prevent getting pregnant, and now my doctor suggests that I take another drug to help me get pregnant When I went off birth control, about a year ago, my menstrual cycle became very irregular. I had been taking a birth control drug called Ortho Tr-Cyclen To be perfectly honest, I don't understand how it works because my periods were more regular when I was on the pill than when I went off of it. My doctor told me that the pill works because it tricks your body into thinking that it is pregnant. That just confused me even more When I looked back on my decision to take birth control pills, I realized that I did not really understand how they work I just do not want to make that mistake again. Before I consider taking any more want to understand more about how they work The drug we're looking into is called Clomad I asked my doctor a bunch of questions, but I still feel confused. Ilooked up some stuff online when I got home. Here is some information that I learned from a website about how Ortho Tri-Cyclen works: . Estrogen and progestin work in combination to suppress the iypothalanic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG acis. This suppression leads to a decrease in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and lutenizing hormoneband follie le stimulating hormone (FSH)from the anterior pituitary. Maturation of the dominant follicle is imhibited nder the decreasing levels of FSH e use also leads to an increaze in the viscosith of the cervical mucus which imhibits sperm penetration and movement through the cervical canal. I am hoping that you wouald be able to help me understand how these drugs actually wodk Short Answer Questions am rerac I sund cetExplanation / Answer
1.Gonadotrophs, cells that constitute about 10 percent of the pituitary gland, secrete two primary gonadotropins: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The amount and rate of secretion of these hormones vary widely at different ages and at different times during the menstrual cycle in women. Following puberty, more LH than FSH is secreted. During the menstrual cycle there is a dramatic increase in the serum concentrations of both hormones at the time of ovulation, and the secretion of both hormones increases 10- to 15-fold in postmenopausal women. Another type of gonadotropin found in women is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which is produced by the placenta during pregnancy. The detection of HCG forms the basis of pregnancy tests.
A gonadotropin can help you ovulate if you tried taking the fertility drug clomiphene,
2.The principle regulator of LH and FSH secretion is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, also known as LH-releasing hormone). In a classical negative feedback loop, sex steroids inhibit secretion of GnRH and also appear to have direct negativeeffects on gonadotrophs.
3.The primary mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives is that they suppress the secretion of gonadotropins(follicle stimulating hormone, FSH and luteinizing hormone, LH) through negative feedback inhibition. Through various means of delivery (oral, depot injection, implant, transdermal), a woman receives a combination of estrogen and progesterone, or just progesterone by itself. Progesterone with estrogen naturally inhibits gonadotropin secretion as, for instance, during the luteal phase of the cycle. The goal is to suppress ovulation. The inhibition provided by hormonal contraceptives prevents the rise in FSH that is necessary to initiate follicle development and selection of a dominant follicle. This inhibition also prevents the LH surge that is necessary to trigger ovulation.
4.Fertile cervical mucus – which forms under the influence of rising estrogen levels in the first half of the menstrual cycle and is maximal around ovulation – is thin, watery, clear and easy for sperm to traverse.
Non-fertile mucus – which forms after ovulation and also in pregnancy under the influence of progesterone – is the exact opposite – thick,tacky, non-distensible and impossible for sperm to penetrate.
Cervical mucus during hormonal contraceptive use mimics that of the second half of the menstrual cycle – scant, thick and impenetrable. Even in birth control pills that contain estrogen, this progestin effect dominates at the cervix.This effect on cervical mucus explains why the progestin-only pill, Norplant and Implanon work so well to prevent pregnancy, even though ovulation can still occur during use of these methods.
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