List and give examples of the general functions of the Nervous system. Name the
ID: 3474021 • Letter: L
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List and give examples of the general functions of the Nervous system. Name the component parts of the CNS & PNS Write short notes on: Sensory Receptor, Nerve, ganglion plexus, Synapse, the Autonomic N System What is multiple sclerosis? State its causes manfestations and possible complications Describe the structures and Functions of The Neuron, cell of the CNS, myelin sheath, the grey and white matter of CNS and PNS What is Action Potential? State the structures involved and the process: including the electrolyte ions involved.Explanation / Answer
1. The main functions of nervous system are sensory input, integration and motor output.
The component parts of central nervous system are: cerebellum, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrum, hypothalamus, medulla oblingata, the meninges- dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia matter and pons varolii.
Peripheral nervous system is divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.The component parts of peripheral nervous system are: motor division and sensory division.
2.Sensory receptors: These are dendrites of sensory neurons specialized for receiving specific kinds of stimuli.They are also called afferent neurons that convert specific type of stimulus via their receptors into action potentials or graded potentials. This process is called sensory transduction.
A sensory receptor is a structure that reacts to physical stimulus in the environment whether internal or external.
Nerve: A nerve is a fiber or bundle of fibers composed of neurons that connects the body parts and organs to the CNS and carries impulses from one part of the body to another.
Ganglion plexus: A ganglion is a mass of nerve cell bodies.A plexus is made up of ganglia.They are essentially the relay points of entire nerve.
Synapse: It is a structure that permits the neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron.
Autonomic nervous system: It is a division of PNS that supplies smooth muscles and glands and thus influences the function of internal organs.
3.It is a long lasting disease thay affect brain, spinal cord and optic nerves in eyes.It can cause problems with vision, balance, muscle control and other basic body functions.It is a progressive immune mediated disorder.The effects are often different for everyone who has the disease.
5.An action potential occurs when neurons sends information down an axon away from cell body.Action potential is caused when different ions cross neuron membrane.
As the action potential nears its peak, the sodium gates are closed and potassium gates are opened allowing ions to flow out of the cell.
Action potential occurs in several type of animal cells called excitable cells which include neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells and also in some plant cells.
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