Which layer of the heart is at greatest risk of ischemia? a. epicardium b. peric
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Question
Which layer of the heart is at greatest risk of ischemia? a. epicardium b. pericardium c. subendocardium Why? a. It has a high demand for oxygen b. It is served by the most distal branches of the coronary arteries c. Both a and b Force of contraction of the heart muscle depends largely upon the concentration of this electrolyte in the extracellular fluid a. Na b. K c. Ca Baroreceptors detect changes in a. Pressure b. Concentration of hydrogen ions c. Change in HR Artery that feeds the SA Node and AV Node a. Left Coronary b. Right Coronary c. Posterior Descending Chronic conditions leading to acute coronary syndromes are a. Atherosclerosis b. Arteriosclerosis c. Both a and b Ischemia leads to a. angina b. atherosclerosis c. arteriosclerosisExplanation / Answer
1. Subendocardium.
The subendocardial is at risk of ischemia due to an acute reduction in perfusion pressure. The differences in vascular compliance cause this pressure. These originate from the transmural differences in both extravascular loading and vessel wall thickness.
2. Calcium.
Calcium concentration difference in extracellular and in the intracellular region is crucial for the action potential to take place and contraction of heart to occur. The calcium is transported via Na/Ka channel.
3. Pressure
Baro means pressure. These receptors are located in the carotid sinus and in the aortic arch.
4. Right coronary
Coronary arteries supply blood to heart muscles. There are 2 types of coronary arteries: Right and Left. The right coronary artery supplied blood to the heart rhythm players: right ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes. Left coronary supplies blood to the left part of the heart.
5. Both a and b
The acute coronary syndrome refers to reduced blood flow to the heart. This reduction can be caused by both arteriosclerosis ( thinking of arteries) or atherosclerosis ( build up of plaque inside the artery).
6. angina
It is the chest pain experienced due to blockage in arteries, This is caused by atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis. angina if untreated leads to death due to the heart attack.
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