1. A doctor places drops in the eyes to dilate the pupils for an examination. Th

Question

1. A doctor places drops in the eyes to dilate the pupils for an examination. The type of drug that is used is a(n) ________ drug:

1) sympathomimetic
2) muscarinic blocking
3 ) adrenergic activating
4) cholinergic activating

a) 1, 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 1, 2, and 3

e) 2, 4

2. A person is confronted by a dangerous dog. His heart begins to race and beat strongly, his pupils dilate, and his hairs stand up. These signs are the result of?

a) sympathetic activation

b) increased levels of epinephrine in the blood

c) incresaed activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus

d) the "fight or flight" response

e) all of the answers are correct

3. Identify the hormone labeled "1" (using the picture in the link below)

http://i68.tinypic.com/2dc8z6p.jpg

a) mineralcorticoid

b) cortisol

c) dopamine

d) corticotropin (ACTH)

e) aldosterone

Explanation / Answer

1. Option 2 is correct. Muscarinic blocking (anticholinergic drugs) causes mydriasis (dilation of pupil) for short duration and hence used as eye drops before eye examination which keep dilated the pupil for better examination of eye. The example of anticholinergic drug which is used in eye drop is tropicamide.

2. Option e is correct. Sympathetic nervous system is the part of autonomic nervous sytem which is responsible for fight and flight response which upon activation increases the release of epinephrine in blood. Epinephrine causes glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen into glucose) leads to increased level of glucose for enerfy requirement during fight or flight condition.

3. Option d is correct. ACTH is released from pituitary gland which goes to suprarenal galnd (adrenal gland) and activate it to produce adrenaline (epinephrine). Release of ACTH is regluated by adrenocortico tropin hormone releasing factor which is released by hypothalamus.

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