1. A drug is used to block adrenergic receptors on the post synaptic axon. What

Question

1. A drug is used to block adrenergic receptors on the post synaptic axon. What is the result on Acetylcholine receptors?
a) the slow receptors will be affected.
b) the Na+ voltage gated channels will be affected.
c) no receptors or voltage gates will be affected.
d) the K+ voltage gated channels will be affected.
e) the fast receptors will be affected.

2. Which of the following sympathetic nerves exits the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, Lumbar 2 or Lumbar 3? How do you know?

3. Which of the following is a motor point located on the hand that would seemingly move the thumbwhen stimulated?
a) Lumbricales
b) Abductor pollicis
c) Palmaris brevis
d) Flexor digitorum superficialis
e) Flexor carpi ulnaris

4. A person is confronted by a dangerous dog. His heart begins to race and beat strongly, his pupils dilate, and his hairs stand up. These signs are the result of?
a) sympathetic activation.
b) increased levels of epinephrine in the blood.
c) increased activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus.
d) the "fight or flight" response.
e) All of the answers are correct.

Explanation / Answer

2) L2 spinal nerve exit at the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord ,

Specific Features

The lumbar spine consists of 5 vertebral segments and 5 lumbar nerve roots. L1 is identified as the 1st non rib bearing segment below T12. L5 is identified as the segment above S1. The spinal cord terminates between T12 and L2. The nerve roots below the spinal cord are collectively called the cauda equina or "horse tail". This helps to explain why lumbar punctures are typically performed below L2.

The cauda equina nerve roots have a specific orientation within the spinal canal. As in the thoracic spine the nerve root for a specific level exits below the corresponding vertebral body level. This "exiting" nerve root is found within the neural foramen. For example at the L2-L3 level, the exiting nerve root found in the neural foramen is L2 (see image below). The nerve root that is waiting to exit at the level below is referred to as the traversing nerve root and can be found within the lateral recess.

3) lumbricales – helps to move all fingers at first knuckle

4) all of the answere are correct

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