1. A histology student accidently gets two unlabeled prepared slides mixed up. O

ID: 3475986 • Letter: 1

Question

1. A histology student accidently gets two unlabeled prepared slides mixed up. One slide has a sample of small intestine on it, while the other has a sample of esophagus. You volunteer to help sort out the mix up. How would you decide which slide is which. (grading is based on the level of detail you submit)

2. John has had liposuction in the past for aesthetic reasons. He notices several months later, post-op, he is gaining weight. How is this possible when his existing adipocytes are unable to divide?

3. Ann has gotten a terrible sunburn. After a couple of weeks her skin starts to peel. Why is her skin peeling rather than just turning to a powder and blowing away?

4. Joe gets into a bar fight and receives a broken nose. After his nose heals, he starts experiencing terrible sinus headaches and pressure in his maxillae. What is the most likely cause of Joe’s discomfort?

5. Your child is learning to ride a two-wheeled bike. She hits the curb and flies over the handlebars. Unfortunately, you see the entire event in which she hits the ground with her hands first. What bones might be injured in the fall? Trace the pathway of stress, through the upper extremity, and indicate the most likely area for fracture.

Explanation / Answer

1.The differences in the basic histology of esophagus and small intestine is explained below. Taking help of these differences you can volunteer to explain which slide is esophagus and which is small intestine.

Oesophagus

Small intestine

The classification of each epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

Any other main distinctive features of the tissue

prominent muscularis mucosa and thick muscularis externa

projects the plicae circularis, circular folds of the mucosal epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa.

Villi, finger-like projections involving only the epithelium and lamina propria, project into the lumen..

Microvilli make up a brush border on the surface of the columnar cells of the mucosal epithelium.

The muscularis externa of the esophagus is unique in that it transitions from striated to smooth muscle over the length of the tube.

The intervening depressions between the villi are known as crypts of Lieberkuhn .

Ensure to keep the histological slide images in front to understand the different tissues.

2. Essentially liposuction may or may not result into weight loss. Moreover, liposuction-mediated weight loss is not long term as the procedure primarily involves fat removal from human body to change its shape for aesthetic reasons.The term lipo-fat and suction-removal do not affect the functionality/activity of any cell including adipocytes.i.e adipocytes can still divide after the procedure. Therefore, fat deposition upon metabolism disturbance or division of adipocytes can certainly take place even after the liposuction procedure.

3.Human skin has a primary natural defence mechanism of protection against toxic substances/radiations/shock-syndrome/burns that involves desquamation of epidermis/ shedding of skin/skin-peeling. In pathologic desquamation, such as that seen in sunburn, the stratum corneum becomes thicker (hyperkeratosis), imparting a "dry" or scaly appearance to the skin, and instead of detaching as single cells,the corneocytes are shed in clusters, forming visible scales.Therefore, skin peels-off instead of becoming powder and just blowing-awayduring sun-burn.

4. Sinus headaches and pressure in maxillae are due to the deviated nasal septum.Because of the broken nose, the original nasal septum gets shifted from midline and even upon healing it grows crooked thereby making the nasal passages uneven interefering with sinus drainage. This results into terrible sinus headaches and pressure in maxillae. Thus due to the deviated nasal septum/ damage to the original tissue architecture of the nasal bone is the most likely cause of Joe's discomfort.

5. The most likely bone to get fractured is the ulna followed by radius of one or both the hands as a strong impact is made on hands. In addition, the nasal bone/septum may also get fractured with a strong impact. The other injured bones include the humerus, clavicle, frontal, knee and sternum (may or may not).