7. Muscles of Respiration Name Origin Insertion Elevate the ribs, help in Extern

Question

7. Muscles of Respiration Name Origin Insertion Elevate the ribs, help in External intercostals Internal intercostals Transversus thoracis Diaphragm depress the ribs, help in depress the ribs, help in expiration Contracts and descends, increasing the volume of chest, chief muscle of 8. Abdominal Muscles Origin Insertion Name External Oblique Compresses the abdomen and rotates the vertebral column Internal Oblique Compresses the abdomen and rotates the vertebral column Compresses the abdomen and rotates the vertebral column Compresses the Rectus abdominis 9. Muscles of Pelvic Floor (Pelvic Diaphragm) Name Origin Insertion Action Coccygeus Elevates and supports pelvic floor Supports pelvic organs and elevates anal retracts anus Levator an Pubococcygeus External anal Sphincter Closes anal opening_

Explanation / Answer

7. muscles of respiration:

External intercoastals: origin: inferior border of the ribs as far back as posterior angles.

insertion: superior border of the ribs below passing downwards and backwards.

Internal intercoastals: origin: superior border of ribs, or ribs 1-11

insertion: inferior border of the ribs, or ribs 2-12.

Transversus thoracis: origin: coastal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, rhe dorsal surface of the xiphoid process and the body of sternum or it can be said as lower third of inner aspect of sternum and lower three costo sternal junctions.

insertion: second to sixth coastal cartilages.

Diaphragm: origin: it attaches anteriorly to the sternum and xiphoid process, the L1 through the L3 lumbar vertebrae, arcuate ligaments posteriorly, and coastal margin peripherally.

insertion: attaches to the central aponeurotic tendon.

8. Abdominal muscles:

External oblique: origin: anterior fibers originate from lateral ribs 5-12 interdigitating with serratus anterior, lateral fibers from external surfaces of 9th rib, interdigitating serratus anterior, and 10-12, interdigitating lattissimus dorsi. It can be said simply anterior angles of lower eight muscles.

insertion: outer anterior half of iliac crest, inguinal ligament, pubic tubercle and crest, aponeurosis of anterior rectus sheath.

Internal oblique: origin: Lumbodorsal fascia, anterior two-thirds of iliac crest and lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament.

insertion: Linea alba, pecten pubis and ribs 10-12.

Transversus abdominis: origin: 7-12 coastal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, two-thirds of iliac crest, and half of inguinal ligament.

insertion: aponeurosis of posterior and anterior rectus sheath, conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectinial line.  

Rectus abdominis: origin: origin between pubic tubercle and symphisis in the pubis.

insertion: xiphoid process, 5-7 coastal cartilage, and sternum.

9. Muscles of pelvic floor:

coccygeus: origin: sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine.

insertion: lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum.

Levator ani: origin: A wide muscular sheeth that originates from pubic bone anteriorly, tendinious arch of obt. fascia, ischial spine posteriorly.  

insertion: inner surface of coccyx, levator ani of opposite side and into other structures that penetrate into it.

Levator ani compromises of three parts ilicoccygeous, pubicoccygeous, and puborectalis. Ilicoccygeous originates from inner side of ischium amd posterior part of tendinious arch of obturator fascia. It is inserted into coccyx and anococcygeal body.

pubicoccygeous originates from back of pubis and anterior part of obturator fascia. It is inserted into coccyx and sacrum.

External anal spinchter: origin: perinial body or central tendinious point of perinium.

insertion: encircles the anal canal and superficial body attached to coccyx.

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