John, Joe, Jill and Julie had blood work done at their local hospital. Their res
ID: 3476937 • Letter: J
Question
John, Joe, Jill and Julie had blood work done at their local hospital. Their results are summarized in the tables above.
A. Use the results of all 3 tests for John, Joe, Jill and Julie to determine whether they have chlamydia and HIV and what their blood types are. Indicate any tests that are not conclusive.
B. For every test where you cannot reach a conclusion, explain why the test is inconclusive.
C. Based only on the blood type results (i.e. not taking into account HIV & chlamydia tests), state who can donate blood to John and explain why.
D. Based only on the blood type results (i.e. not taking into account HIV & chlamydia tests), state who can donate blood to Jill and explain why.
Chlamydia test # elementary bodies in positive control 19 18 18 20 # elementary | # elementary bodies bodies in negative control John Joe Jill Julie 17 20 16 HIV ELISA test Optical density Optical density Optical density John Joe Jill Julie 0.165 0.387 1.543 1.365 of negative control 0.056 0.045 0.104 0.059 of positive control 1.654 1.354 1.564 0.046 Blood typing test Agglutination Agglutination Agglutination with anti-A positive negative positive negative with anti-B positive positive negative negative with anti-Rh John Joe Jill Julie positive negative positive positiveExplanation / Answer
A)
Chlamydia test
John – can conclude to be infected with chlamydia (+ve test result)
Joe – The number of elementary bodies in normal state is almost equal to the number in the infected state. So, no conclusion
Jill – The normal state, negative control and positive control are showing positive result which is also inconclusive.
Julie – Less number initially, no number in negative control and increase in number in positive control indicates the diseased state. (+ve test result)
HIV ELISA test
John – There is great difference in the ODs of negative and positive controls. This test can be conclusive for John. (+ve test result)
Joe – Conclusive for Joe (+ve test result)
Jill – The positive control value is same as that of which is present initially. The negative control value is also higher. So, inconclusive
Julie – In conclusive as the same values are seen in negative and positive controls while initial value is higher.
Blood typing test
John – AB+ve
Joe - B-ve
Jill – A+ve
Julie – O+ve
B)
Chlamydia test is inconclusive in two cases as the presence of the elementary bodies is seen in normal state as well as in positive control which should not be. In another case, the negative control showed the positive result which should not be the case. Inconclusive in Joe and Jill.
HIV test is inconclusive in Jill and Julie. In one case, there were not expected results seen in positive control and in another case, no difference was observed between the standard and positive control values.
Blood typing tests could conclude the blood types of all the four.
C)
Julie must be having O antigen and the blood type must be O+ve. Julie being universal donor can donate blood to John.
D)
Julie can only donate blood to Jill as O+ve can donate blood to A+ve.
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