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.-------1- By arranging electrocytes in series, the firing of an action potentia

ID: 3477263 • Letter: #

Question

.-------1-    By arranging electrocytes in series, the firing of an action potential in some electric fishes can a)

                        hyperpolarize each cell sufficiently to inhibit action potential generation b) sum the potentials of the

                      individual cells to generate high voltages c) drastically depolarize the entire cell, which can then

                        generate more action potentials   d) a and c   e) all of the above.

_____ 2.      Muscle proprioreceptors monitor a) creatine kinase activity   b) ATP concentrations c) fuel reserves within the cell d) muscle length.

_____ 3.      Ring doves that are feeding the squabs with ‘crop milk’ would have elevated concentrations of         

        a)   prolactin    b)   oxytocin    c) ADH d) cortisol    e) b and d.

Explanation / Answer

1. By arranging electrocytes in series, the firing of an action potential in some electric fishes can b) sum the potentials of the individual cells to generate high voltages.

Electrocytes are used to produce strong voltages that are used to stun a prey or a predator.

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2. Muscle proprioreceptors monitor d) muscle length.

Muscle proprioreceptors monitor the amount of stretching that a muscle is undergoing.

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3. Ring doves that are feeding the squabs with ‘crop milk’ would have elevated concentrations of a) prolactin.

Crop milk is produced by birds under the influence of prolactin, which also influences lactation in mammals.